Amr ibn Hisham ibn al-Mughira (Arabic: عمرو بن هشام بن المغيرة, romanized: ʿAmr ibn Hishām ibn al-Mughīra' c. 570–March 624) was the Meccan Qurayshi polytheist leader of the Mushrikites known for his opposition to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was the most prominent flag-bearer of opposition towards Islam. He is known as Abū Jahl (أبو جهل) (literally "father of ignorance") by Muslims.[1]
Born in Mecca to the Banu Makhzum clan of the Quraysh, Amr was known as Abu al-Hakam ('Father of Wise') among pre-Islamic Arabs. After Muhammad started preaching monotheism, Amr opposed him and often physically attacked early Muslims. He persecuted many Muslim converts, including Sumayya, and Yasir ibn Amir. His cruel torture methods towards Muslims made Muhammad give him the title Abu Jahl ('Father of Ignorance') and Fir'awn al-Umma ('Pharaoh of the nation').
Following the migration to Medina, Amr gathered a large army of polytheists to attack Medina and kill Muslims. In March 624, Amr led the Mushrikites in the Battle of Badr, in which he was wounded by two brothers Mu'adh ibn Amr and Mu'awwidh ibn Amr and eventually killed by Abd Allah ibn Mas'ud.
AmribnHishamibn al-Mughira (Arabic: عمرو بن هشام بن المغيرة, romanized: ʿAmribnHishāmibn al-Mughīra' c. 570–March 624) was the Meccan Qurayshi polytheist...
Mushrikites harassed members of the nascent Muslim community and were led by AmribnHisham. Following the increase of tensions between the Mushrik and the Muslims...
of Umayyad rule. Fatimah bint Amr, paternal grandmother of Muhammad AmribnHishām, better known as "Abu Jahl" Walid ibn al-Mughira Umm Salama Hind bint...
of the statue by his sons, Amr decided that Manāt was not worthy of worship and also adopted Islam. Abu Jahl ('AmribnHisham) was killed in the Battle...
Rodinson 2021, p. 167–8. Phipps 2016, p. 114. Rodinson 2021, p. 168. IbnHisham & Ibn Ishaq 1978, p. 308. Nagel 2020, p. 102–4. Gabriel 2014, p. 104. Rodinson...
number of its influential and experienced men were killed, including AmribnHisham. Their prestige was shaken. Their old enemies, such as the Hawazin,...
security except Abu Lahab. While Muhammad was praying near the Kaaba, AmribnHisham once threw the entrails of a sacrificed camel over him. Muhammad later...
forces were transferred to his Qurayshi rivals, Safwan ibn Umayya, Ikrima ibnAmr and Suhayl ibnAmr. Though Abu Sufyan did not participate in the truce...
remained steadfast and refused to abandon Islam.: 145 One evening AmribnHisham, also a member of the Makhzum clan, came to watch her standing there[clarification...
Instead of finding a vulnerable caravan, Muhammad found the troops of AmribnHisham, whom Abu Sufyan had asked for help. Despite fighting against a reportedly...
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