Amphistomiasis is a parasitic disease of livestock animals, more commonly of cattle and sheep, and humans caused by immature helminthic flatworms belonging to the order Echinostomida. The term amphistomiasis is used for broader connotation implying the disease inflicted by members of Echinostomida including the family Paramphistomidae/Gastrodiscidae (to be precise, the species Gastrodiscoides hominis); whereas paramphistomiasis is restricted to that of the members of the family Paramphistomidae only. G. discoides and Watsonius watsoni are responsible for the disease in humans, while most paramphistomes are responsible in livestock animals, and some wild mammals.[1][2][3][4][5] In livestock industry the disease causes heavy economic backlashes due to poor production of milk, meat and wool.[6][7]
^Olsen OW (1974). Animal Parasites: Their Life Cycles and Ecology (3 ed.). Dover Publications, Inc., New York/University Park Press, Baltimore, US. pp. 273–274. ISBN 978-0486651262.
^Hugh-Jones ME, Hubbert WT, Hagstad HV (2008). Zoonoses: Recognition, Control, and Prevention (1 ed.). Iowa State University Press/John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 243–244. ISBN 978-0470390313.
^Kumar V (1998). Trematode Infections and Diseases of Man and Animals (1 ed.). Springer, Netherlands. pp. 275–321. ISBN 978-0792355090.
^Whitten LK (1955). "Paramphistomiasis in sheep". New Zealand Veterinary Journal. 3 (4): 144. doi:10.1080/00480169.1955.33203.
^Phiri AM, Phiri IK, Monrad J (2006). "Prevalence of amphistomiasis and its association with Fasciola gigantica infections in Zambian cattle from communal grazing areas". Journal of Helminthology. 80 (1): 65–68. doi:10.1079/joh2005313. PMID 16469175. S2CID 30224614.
^Spence SA, Fraser GC, Chang S (1996). "Responses in milk production to control of gastrointestinal nematode and paramphistome parasites in dairy cattle". Australian Veterinary Journal. 74 (6): 456–459. doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996.tb07569.x. PMID 9006864.
^Gupta A, Mahajan C, Sharma M, Tiwari S, Majeed U, Rajput DS (2011). "Studies on incidence and transmission of amphistomiasis in domestic and wild ruminants of Udaipur region". Advances in Parasitology. 12 (1): 88–89. Archived from the original on 2014-05-05. Retrieved 2013-03-19.
Amphistomiasis is a parasitic disease of livestock animals, more commonly of cattle and sheep, and humans caused by immature helminthic flatworms belonging...
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