Ammonia monooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.39, AMO) is an enzyme,[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] which catalyses the following chemical reaction
ammonia + AH2 + O2 NH2OH + A + H2O
Ammonia monooxygenase contains copper and possibly nonheme iron.
AMO is the first enzyme in ammonia oxidation. Aerobic oxidation of ammonia to hydroxylamine via AMO is an endergonic reaction. So, all aerobic ammonia oxidizing organisms conserve energy by further oxidizing hydroxylamine. It was believed that aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria oxidize hydroxylamine to nitrite using octahaem hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO). Recently, it was shown that the product of HAO is not nitrite but nitric oxide, which is further oxidized to nitrite by an unknown enzyme.
^Hyman MR, Page CL, Arp DJ (August 1994). "Oxidation of methyl fluoride and dimethyl ether by ammonia monooxygenase in Nitrosomonas europaea". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 60 (8): 3033–5. doi:10.1128/AEM.60.8.3033-3035.1994. PMC 201762. PMID 8085841.
^Bergmann DJ, Hooper AB (October 1994). "Sequence of the gene, amoB, for the 43-kDa polypeptide of ammonia monoxygenase of Nitrosomonas europaea". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 204 (2): 759–62. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2524. PMID 7980540.
^Holmes AJ, Costello A, Lidstrom ME, Murrell JC (October 1995). "Evidence that particulate methane monooxygenase and ammonia monooxygenase may be evolutionarily related". FEMS Microbiology Letters. 132 (3): 203–8. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07834.x. PMID 7590173.
^Zahn JA, Arciero DM, Hooper AB, DiSpirito AA (November 1996). "Evidence for an iron center in the ammonia monooxygenase from Nitrosomonas europaea". FEBS Letters. 397 (1): 35–8. doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(96)01116-7. PMID 8941709.
^Moir JW, Crossman LC, Spiro S, Richardson DJ (May 1996). "The purification of ammonia monooxygenase from Paracoccus denitrificans". FEBS Letters. 387 (1): 71–4. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00463-2. PMID 8654570.
^Whittaker M, Bergmann D, Arciero D, Hooper AB (August 2000). "Electron transfer during the oxidation of ammonia by the chemolithotrophic bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics. 1459 (2–3): 346–55. doi:10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00171-7. PMID 11004450.
^Arp DJ, Sayavedra-Soto LA, Hommes NG (October 2002). "Molecular biology and biochemistry of ammonia oxidation by Nitrosomonas europaea". Archives of Microbiology. 178 (4): 250–5. doi:10.1007/s00203-002-0452-0. PMID 12209257.
^Gilch S, Meyer O, Schmidt I (September 2009). "A soluble form of ammonia monooxygenase in Nitrosomonas europaea". Biological Chemistry. 390 (9): 863–73. doi:10.1515/BC.2009.085. PMID 19453274.
^Rasche ME, Hicks RE, Hyman MR, Arp DJ (September 1990). "Oxidation of monohalogenated ethanes and n-chlorinated alkanes by whole cells of Nitrosomonas europaea". Journal of Bacteriology. 172 (9): 5368–73. doi:10.1128/jb.172.9.5368-5373.1990. PMC 213201. PMID 2394686.
and 29 Related for: Ammonia monooxygenase information
Ammoniamonooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.39, AMO) is an enzyme, which catalyses the following chemical reaction ammonia + AH2 + O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons...
are the location for key enzymes in nitrification: ammoniamonooxygenase (which oxidizes ammonia to hydroxylamine), hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (which...
particulate methane monooxygenase and related ammoniamonooxygenase are integral membrane proteins, occurring in methanotrophs and ammonia oxidisers, respectively...
presence of the genes for the ammonia oxidation. The first enzyme involved in the ammonia oxidation is ammoniamonooxygenase (AMO), which is encoded by the...
{\ce {NH2OH}}} ), a chemical produced biologically by the enzyme Ammoniamonooxygenase. The products of the catalyzed reaction are debated, but recent...
procedure, also known in French as ablation du matériel d'ostéosynthèse Ammoniamonooxygenase, an enzyme Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, a climate cycle expressed...
"Structural conservation of the B subunit in the ammoniamonooxygenase/particulate methane monooxygenase superfamily". Proteins: Structure, Function, and...
an ammonia-oxidizing, aerobe, Gram-negative bacterium from the genus of Nitrosomonas. Nitrosomonas halophila uses the enzyme Ammoniamonooxygenase. LSPN...
Nitrososphaera sp. use ammoniamonooxygenase (amoA) genes to oxidize ammonium to nitrite. All three species contain genes for urease, urea, and ammonia. Nitrososphaera...
encodes for both ammonia and nitrite oxidation. The genes associated with the growth by ammonia oxidation to nitrate are ammoniamonooxygenase and hydroxylamine...
as a result of sewage treatment. The chemical compound ammoniamonooxygenase converts ammonia in wastewater into nitrite during the nitrification process...
includes the amoA gene, encoding for the AmmoniaMonooxygenase (AMO) enzyme. This latter allows the oxidation of ammonia to hydroxylamine (NH2OH). Instead,...
and politician Amoa River, a river in northeastern New Caledonia Ammoniamonooxygenase (AmoA), an enzyme This disambiguation page lists articles associated...
CH3-C5H4N + 4Cl2 → CCl3-ClC5H3N + 4 HCl Nitrapyrin affects the ammoniamonooxygenase (AMO) pathway, which is important for NH3 oxidation in nitrification;...
Biochemically, ammonia oxidation occurs by the stepwise oxidation of ammonia to hydroxylamine (NH 2OH) by the enzyme ammoniamonooxygenase in the cytoplasm...
encoding ammoniamonooxygenase (Amo) and hydroxlyamine dehydrogenase (hao), enzymes that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), use to convert ammonia into nitrite...
archaeal ammoniamonooxygenase (amoA) genes, which indicate that they are overall more dominant than ammonia oxidizing bacteria. In addition to ammonia, at...
is a trimethylated derivative of ammonia. TMA is widely used in industry. At higher concentrations it has an ammonia-like odor, and can cause necrosis...
acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, a.k.a. phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia-lyase) is an enzyme that transforms L-phenylalanine...
cofactors and FNS II, a membrane bound, NADPH dependent cytochrome p450 monooxygenase. The naturally occurring glycosides formed by the combination of apigenin...
using methane monooxygenases (MMOs). Furthermore, two types of MMO have been isolated from methanotrophs: soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) and particulate...
Hydroxylation of cinnamic acid in the 4-position by trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase leads to p-coumaric acid, which can be further modified into hydroxylated...
acetonitrile to glycolonitrile by an NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 monooxygenase. The glycolonitrile then undergoes a spontaneous decomposition to give...
mediated by phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Cinnamic acid will then go through two rounds of oxidation by trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase and 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase...
Phenyl-hydroxylated glucuronide bromazolam was not found in the pHLS9 samples. Several monooxygenases and glucuronosyltransferases have been screened, in vitro, for activity...
methane to methanol. Nature utilizes a group of enzymes called methane monooxygenase (MMOs). The active site of this enzyme that enables the cleavage of...
Global Information