Absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age
Medical condition
Amenorrhea
Other names
Amenorrhea, amenorrhœa
Specialty
Gynecology
Amenorrhea is the absence of a menstrual period in a female who has reached reproductive age.[1] Physiological states of amenorrhoea are seen, most commonly, during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding).[1] Outside the reproductive years, there is absence of menses during childhood and after menopause.[1]
Amenorrhoea is a symptom with many potential causes.[2] Primary amenorrhea is defined as an absence of secondary sexual characteristics by age 13 with no menarche or normal secondary sexual characteristics but no menarche by 15 years of age.[3] It may be caused by developmental problems, such as the congenital absence of the uterus, failure of the ovary to receive or maintain egg cells, or delay in pubertal development.[4] Secondary amenorrhoea, ceasing of menstrual cycles after menarche, is defined as the absence of menses for three months in a woman with previously normal menstruation, or six months for women with a history of oligomenorrhoea.[3] It is often caused by hormonal disturbances from the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, premature menopause, intrauterine scar formation, or eating disorders.[5][6][7]
^ abc"Amenorrhea". nichd.nih.gov/. 31 January 2017. Retrieved 2018-11-07.
^"Who is at risk of amenorrhea?". nichd.nih.gov/. 31 January 2017. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
^ abMaster-Hunter T, Heiman DL (April 2006). "Amenorrhea: evaluation and treatment". American Family Physician. 73 (8): 1374–82. PMID 16669559. Archived from the original on 2008-07-23.
^"Absent menstrual periods - primary: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2018-11-07.
^Broome, J. D.; Vancaillie, T. G. (June 1999). "Fluoroscopically guided hysteroscopic division of adhesions in severe Asherman syndrome". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 93 (6): 1041–1043. doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(99)00245-8. ISSN 0029-7844. PMID 10362178.
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vaginal bleeding, including dysmenorrhea (pain during menstruation) or amenorrhea (lack of menstruation), while postmenopausal women are more likely to...
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infertility due to luteal insufficiency, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, secondary amenorrhea, irregular cycles, premenstrual syndrome, and as a component of menopausal...
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collective term to refer to both oligomenorrhea (infrequent periods) and amenorrhea (absence of periods). It is a menstrual disorder in which menstrual bleeding...
2016, and 40 in 2017. Although testosterone therapy eventually induces amenorrhea in most trans men, trans men with uteri are still at risk of pregnancy...
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