Seasonal droving of grazing livestock between valleys in winter and high mountain pastures in summer
Five alps around Tierfehd, between 1280 (far left) and 1830 (foreground left) meters, highlighted by the afternoon sun.Braunvieh cow on high pasture in the Engadin (2007)Almabtrieb, Kufstein (2005)bringing livestock to summer pasture, Schwägalp (Jun 2004)
Alpine transhumance is transhumance as practiced in the Alps, that is, a seasonal droving of grazing livestock between the valleys in winter and the high mountain pastures in summer (German Alpwirtschaft, Almwirtschaft from the term for "seasonal mountain pasture", Alp, Alm). Transhumance is a traditional practice that has shaped much of the landscape in the Alps, as without it, most areas below 2,000 m (6,600 ft) would be forests.
While tourism and industry contribute today much to Alpine economy, seasonal migration to high pastures is still practiced in Bavaria, Austria, Slovenia, Italy, France and Switzerland, except in their most frequented tourist centers. In some places, cattle are taken care of by local farmer families who move to higher places. In others, this job is for herdsmen who are employees of the cooperative owning the pastures.[1]
Most Alpine pastures are below 2,400 m (7,900 ft); all are below 2,800 m (9,200 ft).[2]
The higher regions not suitable for transhumance are known as the High Alps.
^Lauber S., Herzog F., Seidl I., Böni R., Bürgi M., Gmür P., Hofer G., Mann S., Raaflaub M., Schick M., Schneider M., Wunderli R. (eds.) (2013) Zukunft der Schweizer Alpwirtschaft. Fakten, Analysen und Denkanstösse aus dem Forschungsprogramm AlpFUTUR. Birmensdorf, Eidg. Forschungsanstalt WSL; Zürich-Reckenholz, Forschungsanstalt Agroscope. 200 S. (in German, French and Italian, see www.alpfutur.ch)
^The alp of Bréona (Evolène, Valais) is among the highest, with buildings at 2,435 m (Remointse de Bréona) and pastures reaching as high as 2,800 m.[1]
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