PBL over a mountainous terrain (left hand side) vs. a flat terrain (right hand side)
The alpine planetary boundary layer is the planetary boundary layer (PBL) associated with mountainous regions. Due to its high spatial and temporal variability, its behavior is more complex than over a flat terrain. The fast changing local wind system directly linked to topography and the variable land cover that goes from snow to vegetation have a significant effect on the growth of the PBL and make it much harder to predict.
Understanding the processes inducing changes in the mountain PBL have critical applications for predicting air pollution transport,[1] fire weather and local intense thunderstorm events. While some processes, such as mountain waves, have been well studied in the mountain PBL due to their importance for aviation, most of the behaviors of the alpine PBL are relatively unknown.[2]
^Henne, S.; Dommen, J.; Neiniger, B.; Reimann, S.; Staehelin, J.; Prévôt, A. (2005). "Influence of mountain venting in the Alps on the ozone chemistry of the lower free troposphere and the European pollution export". Journal of Geophysical Research. 110 (D22): D22307. Bibcode:2005JGRD..11022307H. doi:10.1029/2005jd005936.
^Investigation of the Planetary Boundary Layer in the Swiss Alps Using Remote Sensing and In Situ Measurements
and 30 Related for: Alpine planetary boundary layer information
In meteorology, the planetaryboundarylayer (PBL), also known as the atmospheric boundarylayer (ABL) or peplosphere, is the lowest part of the atmosphere...
The alpineplanetaryboundarylayer is the planetaryboundarylayer (PBL) associated with mountainous regions. Due to its high spatial and temporal variability...
Where the plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of plate boundary (or fault): convergent, divergent, or transform. The relative movement...
Tethys Sea and the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt; mega-elements in a new global tectonic system, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Volume...
(1995). "Thermal and dynamic characteristics of alpine lake breezes, Lake Tekapo, New Zealand". Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 76 (1): 3–24. Bibcode:1995BoLMe...
areas. The concept of planetaryboundaries was introduced to quantify humanity's impact on Earth. Of the nine identified boundaries, five have been crossed:...
Containing the largest chemical gradient, the chemocline is a thin boundarylayer that separates a meromictic lake into two parts: the upper mixolimnion...
is closely related to that of the Himalayas. The Himalayas belong to the Alpine Orogeny and are therefore among the younger mountain ranges on the planet...
moving northeast. As a result of this process, the soft layers of ocean sediment in the Alpine Tethys Oceans were compressed and folded as they were slowly...
Schlager & Schöllnberger (1974) drew attention to a dark siliciclastic layer which abruptly interrupted a long period of carbonate deposition in the...
Elsevier. pp. 53–62. ISBN 978-0-12-328531-7. Oke, T. R. (2002-09-11). BoundaryLayer Climates. doi:10.4324/9780203407219. ISBN 978-0-203-40721-9. Manabe...
thermal boundarylayer in the deep Earth, and so the core-mantle boundary was the only candidate. The base of the mantle is known as the D″ layer, a seismological...
peridotite layer and overlying gabbro layer of ophiolites. In Type II layered intrusions, it takes the place of harzburgite as the layer just above the...
geologic history. The time scale has been developed through the study of rock layers and the observation of their relationships and identifying features such...
According to the Planetary and Space Science Centre (PASSC) at the University of New Brunswick in Canada, there are 190 confirmed impact structures on...
is where Sarmatia is buried beneath thick Phanerozoic sediments and the Alpine orogens. The intervening Late Palaeozoic Donbas Fold Belt, also known as...
140 million years ago. The upper boundary of the Cretaceous is sharply defined, being placed at an iridium-rich layer found worldwide that is believed...
glaciations, this one and the following P4 glaciation was largely limited to alpine glaciation. A final regional Australian interval lasted from the middle...
extinction) as a result of human activities which push beyond the planetaryboundaries. So far, this extinction has proven irreversible. Although humans...
Frasnian-Famennian boundary. The event is named after the Hangenberg Shale, which is part of a sequence that straddles the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in the...
systems (abstract)". Lunar and Planetary Science. 37: 1128. Head, J.; et al. (2006). "Modification if the dichotomy boundary on Mars by Amazonian mid-latitude...
current knowledge of the Brazilian impact craters" (PDF). 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (1318): 1318. Bibcode:2013LPI....44.1318C. Archived...
They typically consist of a layer of serpentinized harzburgite (sometimes called alpine peridotite in older writings), a layer of hydrothermally altered...
The center is hollowed out because the ice is mostly gone. These supposed alpine glaciers have been called glacier-like forms (GLF) or glacier-like flows...
levels found midway in the Permian–Triassic boundarylayer. It also helps explain why the first phase of the layer's extinctions was land-based, the second...
thermal state, accumulation, flow history, ice fabric, and bed geology. In planetary science, ice penetrating radar has also been used to explore the subsurface...
1971). "Western extension of boundary between European and Iberian plates during the Pyrenean orogeny". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 12 (1): 83–88...
tightly packed snow, triggered by a collapse of an underlying weak snow layer, and loose snow avalanches made of looser snow. After being set off, avalanches...
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