Chemical communication between species that benefits the first but not the second
Dasyscolia ciliata on the flowers of Ophrys speculum
An allomone (from Ancient Greek ἄλλοςallos "other" and pheromone) is a type of semiochemical produced and released by an individual of one species that affects the behaviour of a member of another species to the benefit of the originator but not the receiver.[1] Production of allomones is a common form of defense against predators, particularly by plant species against insect herbivores. In addition to defense, allomones are also used by organisms to obtain their prey or to hinder any surrounding competitors.[2]
Many insects have developed ways to defend against these plant defenses (in an evolutionary arms race). One method of adapting to allomones is to develop a positive reaction to them; the allomone then becomes a kairomone. Others alter the allomones to form pheromones or other hormones, and yet others adopt them into their own defensive strategies, for example by regurgitating them when attacked by an insectivorous insect.
A third class of allelochemical (chemical used in interspecific communication), synomones, benefit both the sender and receiver.[1]
"Allomone was proposed by Brown and Eisner (Brown, 1968) to denote those substances which convey an advantage upon the emitter. Because Brown and Eisner did not specify whether or not the receiver would benefit, the original definition of allomone includes both substances that benefit the receiver and the emitter, and substances that only benefit the emitter. An example of the first relationship would be a mutualistic relationship, and the latter would be a repellent secretion."[3]
^ abGrasswitz, T.R. and G.R. Jones (2002). "Chemical Ecology". Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. doi:10.1038/npg.els.0001716.
^Brown, William L. Jr.; Eisner, Thomas; Whittaker, Robert H. (1970-01-01). "Allomones and Kairomones: Transspecific Chemical Messengers". BioScience. 20 (1): 21. doi:10.2307/1294753. ISSN 0006-3568. JSTOR 1294753.
^Weldon, Paul J. Journal of Chemical Ecology. p. 719. doi:10.1007/BF00987681. S2CID 33065758.
An allomone (from Ancient Greek ἄλλος allos "other" and pheromone) is a type of semiochemical produced and released by an individual of one species that...
usually used in the field of chemical ecology to encompass pheromones, allomones, kairomones, attractants and repellents. Many insects, including parasitic...
of adapting to allomones is to develop a positive reaction to them; the allomone then becomes a kairomone. Others alter the allomones to form pheromones...
approaching, to mark a trail, and to trigger aggression in nearby individuals. Allomones benefit their producer by the effect they have upon the receiver. Kairomones...
improves the fitness of the recipient and in this respect differs from an allomone (which is the opposite: it benefits the producer and harms the receiver)...
pheromones in human behavior remains speculative and controversial. Aphrodisiac Allomone Ant mill Cat pheromone Civetone Estratetraenol Honey bee pheromones Insect...
Berothidae. The larvae feed on termites which they subdue with an aggressive allomone. The first instar approaches termites and waves the tip of its abdomen...
a food source, while representing a territorial mark in the form of an allomone to organisms outside of their species. Specifically, trail pheromones are...
lodge a dart in its partner. This is because mucus on the dart contains an allomone (pheromone-like) compound that promotes sperm preservation mechanisms in...
berthaultii, produces an aphid alarm pheromone, (E)-β-farnesene, as an allomone, a pheromone to ward off attack; it effectively repels the aphid Myzus...
pheromone mimic, or allomone, has been shown to play the most important role in enticing pollinators to the flower. The allomone produced by an orchid...
involved in addiction). The amygdala (in olfaction) processes pheromone, allomone, and kairomone (same-species, cross-species, and cross-species where the...
and lessens the need for nitrogen heavy fertilizers. Forest pathology Allomone Phytochemical Semiochemical Gomes, Marcelo; Garcia, Queila; Barreto, Leilane;...
to copulate with the flowers, which emit allomones that mimic the scent of the female bee. These allomones are also known to attract bee species Tetralonia...
of pollen and nectar. Lestrimelitta limao secrete a lemon-scented alarm allomone, from which they receive their name, in order to conduct successful raids...
dog starts to scratch, female dog tick starts to produce a dog-repelling allomone, which enable tick to survive on the hosts further time. "Species Details :...
The pheromones distinguished as kairomones are hormones, pheromones, or allomones of bark beetles, which in turn are used as a locator by insects that are...
organisms. One group of semiochemicals are allelochemicals; consisting of allomones, which play a defensive role in interspecies communication, and kairomones...
found a termite, the first instar larva waves its abdomen and releases an allomone which paralyses the termite in two to three minutes; it then consumes the...
tentacle organs on the third thoracic segment have been shown to emit allomones which influence ants. Studies suggest caterpillar acoustic signals are...
Aldrich, J. R.; Zhang, A.; Oliver, J. E. (2012). "Attractant Pheromone and Allomone from the Metathoracic Scent Gland of a Broad-Headed Bug (Hemiptera: Alydidae)"...
(including pests) are likewise repelled by high amounts of antixenotic allomones produced by Desmodium. A blue dye is obtained from Desmodium incanum....
effect on the duped species. This is by adapting to produce chemicals (ex: allomones, pheromones, odours, etc.) that will cause a desirable behavioural reaction...
served as a suffix, as it occurs in the words hormone, kairomone, and allomone thus emphasizing their relationship. The term pheromone replaced the term...
can be usurped by other species in chemical mimicry. The mimic produces allomones or pheromones to influence the behaviour of another insect, the dupe,...
Retrieved 2018-03-05. Johnson, J., Hagen, K. A neuropterous larva uses an allomone to attack termites. Nature 289, 506–507 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1038/289506a0...
parasites, and competitors. Repellent rather than toxic metabolites are allomones, a sub category signaling metabolites known as semiochemicals. Many chemicals...
favorable. Tesseratomids, like most heteropterans use chemical defenses (allomones), the source of the common name for pentatomoids - 'stink bugs'. When...
autotomy as a first line of defense against predators. Unlike pheromones, allomones harm the receiver at the benefit of the producer. This grouping encompasses...
Whittaker and the ant biologist William L. Brown, Jr. coined the terms allomone (to describe semiochemicals that benefit the emitter, but not the receiver)...
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