The eleventh-century Shahnameh of Ferdowsi (d. 1020) preserves the earliest version of the Alexander Romance in the Persian language, following closely the text in its Syriac translation. The Romance genre functioned to preserve and describe the legends and exploits of Alexander the Great. Although the Shahnameh is a much larger text and contains legends of many other rulers of Greater Iran, three consecutive sections of it cover Alexander (who the text refers to as "Sekandar"), amounting to ~2,500 verses. Furthermore, the sections about Alexander act as a bridge between the narratives of the kings before and after him, representing a transition from a realm of mythological kings and exploits to the historical kings of the Sasanian Empire.
The Shahnameh is much less polemical towards Alexander as compared with representations in the Middle Persian and Zoroastrian pre-Islamic Sasanian Empire.[1] Nevertheless, it has been demonstrated that negative portraitures of Alexander from this period have influenced the Shahnameh.[2][3]
^Wiesehöfer, Josef (2011-01-01), "Chapter Five. The 'Accursed' And The 'Adventurer': Alexander The Great In Iranian Tradition", A Companion to Alexander Literature in the Middle Ages, Brill, pp. 113–132, doi:10.1163/ej.9789004183452.i-410.56, ISBN 978-90-04-21193-3, retrieved 2024-03-11
^Yamanaka, Yuriko (1999). "Ambiguïté de l'image d'Alexandre chez Ferdowsī: les traces des traditions sassanides dans le Livre des Rois". Alexandre le Grand dans les littératures. Paris. pp. 341–353.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Nawotka, Krzysztof (2018-04-26), "Syriac and Persian Versions of the Alexander Romance", Brill's Companion to the Reception of Alexander the Great, Brill, pp. 525–542, doi:10.1163/9789004359932_022, ISBN 978-90-04-35993-2, retrieved 2024-03-25
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