A fortified tower (kullë) used as a safe haven for men involved in a blood feud. Theth, northern Albania.
In traditional Albanian culture, Gjakmarrja (English: "blood-taking", i.e. "blood feud") or hakmarrja ("revenge") is the social obligation to kill an offender or a member of their family in order to salvage one's honor. This practice is generally seen as in line with the social code known as the Canon of Lekë Dukagjini (Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit) or simply the Kanun (consisting of 12 books and 1,262 articles[1]). The code was originally a "a non-religious code that was used by Muslims and Christians alike."[2]
Protecting one's honor is an essential component to Albanian culture because it is the core of social respectability.[citation needed] Honor is held in very high regard because it translates over generations. Legacies and history are carried in the family names of Albanians and must be held in high priority, even at the cost of one's life. Therefore, when a personal attack of a formidable magnitude is unleashed on a member of any family, an equal punishment is to be expected by the laws of the Kanun.[citation needed] Some of the actions that initiate gjakmarrja include "killing a guest while he was under the protection of the owner of the house, violation of private house, failure to pay a debt, kidnapping or the seduction or rape of a woman."[citation needed] This often extends many generations if the debt is not paid. Those who choose not to pay with the lives of their family members live in shame and seclusion for the rest of their lives, imprisoned in their homes.[1][3]
^ abMattei, Vincenzo. "Albania: The dark shadow of tradition and blood feuds". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2019-11-11.
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