Agriculture makes up a significant proportion of the Gambia's economy, comprising 25% of its GDP.[1] About 75% of workers in the Gambia are employed within the agricultural industry.[1] The main cash crops produced in the country are groundnuts (also known as peanuts), millet, sorghum, mangoes, corn, sesame, palm kernel, and cashews.[1][2] The main staple crop produced is rice.[1]
Though agriculture is a major part of the Gambia's economy, food insecurity is still an issue for the population.[1] Crop outputs only supply about 50% of the population's food needs due to low crop yields.[1] The population heavily relies on rice, needing 398,364 metric tons each year.[3] The Gambia only produces about 22,706 metric tons of rice each year.[3] As a result, it needs to import around 80–90% of its rice each year.[3][4] Although around 45% of land in the Gambia is used for groundnut farming, a majority of groundnuts produced are exported, further contributing to food insecurity.[5]
Climate change is also impacting agriculture in the Gambia. Crop yields are impacted by rising temperatures and seasonal drought.[6] Salt water is mixing with freshwater in the River Gambia due to rising sea levels, causing salt erosion in rice crop fields.[7] Land development is also not abundant.[3] Some experts have proposed addressing these issues with crop yields by developing strong irrigation systems, which they note could be supplied through rainwater, the River Gambia, and underground water.[1]
^ abcdefg"Gambia, The – Country Commercial Guide". International Trade Administration. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
^Ceesay, Ebrima K. (2020-04-14). "Employment in agriculture, migration, bilateral aids, economic growth and remittance: Evidence from the Gambia". Economics, Management and Sustainability. 5 (1): 48–67. doi:10.14254/jems.2020.5-1.5. ISSN 2520-6303. S2CID 219072360.
^ abcdDibba, Abdoulai G. (2020-12-18). "Gambia: Rice Import Rises, Production Declines, Despite Donor Intervention". allAfrica.com. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
^"Rice Value Chain Transformation Programme" (PDF). Africa Development Bank Group. November 2018.
^Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Gambia Secures $40 Million for an Inclusive, Resilient and Competitive Agriculture". World Bank. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
^"What farmers in The Gambia are doing about climate change". ActionAid USA. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
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