Agriculture in England is today intensive, highly mechanised, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with only 2% of the labour force. It contributes around 2% of GDP. Around two thirds of production is devoted to livestock, one third to arable crops. Agriculture is heavily subsidised by the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy.[1]
The utilised agricultural area (UAA) is 8.8 million hectares in 2023 and accounts for 68% of the total area of England.
England currently produces about 60% of its domestic food consumption.[2] Agricultural activity occurs in most rural locations. It is concentrated in the drier east (for crops) and the wetter west (for livestock).[3] There are over 100,000 farm holdings, which vary widely in size.[4][5]
The main crops that are grown are wheat, barley, oats, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits and vegetables. The livestock that is raised include cattle and sheep. In the drier east, farmers grow wheat, barley, oats, potatoes, and sugar beets.
English agriculture has moved towards organic farming in an attempt to sustain profits, and many farmers supplement their income by diversifying activities away from pure agriculture. Biofuels present new opportunities for farmers against a background of rising fears about fossil fuel prices, energy security, and climate change. There is increasing awareness that farmers have an important role to play as custodians of the English countryside and wildlife.[6][7][8][9]
The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs is the government department responsible for environmental protection, food production and standards, agriculture, fisheries and rural communities in England.[10]
^"Agriculture subsidies after Brexit". Institute for Government. 14 February 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
^"United Kingdom Food Security Report 2021: Theme 2: UK Food Supply Sources". GOV.UK. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
^"Agriculture in the English regions". Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs. Government of the United Kingdom. 18 December 2019.
^"Chapter 2: Structure of industry". GOV.UK. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
^"Agricultural land use in England at 1 June 2023". GOV.UK. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
^Brown, Paul (2 February 1999). "Subsidies plan for farmers who help to restore wildlife". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 July 2015.
^"The Future of Farming". The Nature Conservancy. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
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