Agnes Luise Wilhelmine Pockels (14 February 1862 – 21 November 1935) was a German chemist whose research was fundamental in establishing the modern discipline known as surface science, which describes the properties of liquid and solid surfaces and interfaces.[1]
Pockels became interested in fundamental research in surface science through observations of soaps and soapy water in her own home while washing dishes. She devised a surface film balance technique to study the behavior of molecules such as soaps and surfactants at air-liquid interfaces. From these studies, Pockels defined the "Pockels Point" which is the minimum area that a single molecule can occupy in monomolecular films.[2]
Pockels was an autodidact. She was not a paid, professional scientist and had no institutional affiliation and so is an example of a citizen scientist.[3]
By contrast, her brother Friedrich Carl Alwin Pockels, for whom the Pockels effect was named, was a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Heidelberg.
^Byers, Nina; Williams, Gary, eds. (2010). Out of the Shadows : Contributions of Twentieth-Century Women to Physics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 36–42. ISBN 9780521169622.
^Derrick, M. Elizabeth (December 1982). "Agnes Pockels, 1862-1935". Journal of Chemical Education. 59 (12): 1030–1031. Bibcode:1982JChEd..59.1030D. doi:10.1021/ed059p1030. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
^Mischnick, Petra (2011). "Learning Chemistry—the Agnes-Pockels-Student-Laboratory at the Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany". Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 400 (6): 1533–1535. doi:10.1007/s00216-011-4914-6. PMID 21448601. S2CID 206906466.
these studies, Pockels defined the "Pockels Point" which is the minimum area that a single molecule can occupy in monomolecular films. Pockels was an autodidact...
Friedrich Carl Alwin Pockels (18 June 1865 – 29 August 1913) was a German physicist. He was born in Italy to Captain Theodore Pockels and Alwine Becker....
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AgnesPockels, gets help from Rayleigh to publish her first paper on nature of surface tension. There she first introduces the concept of the Pockels...
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bacteriologist Mary Engle Pennington (1872–1952), American chemist AgnesPockels (1862–1935), German chemist Anna Sundström (1785–1871), Swedish chemist...
8 October – Hans Tropsch, German chemist (born 1889) 21 November – AgnesPockels, German chemist (b. 1862) 21 December – Kurt Tucholsky, German-journalist...
to the Royal Agricultural Society. 1880: Self-taught German chemist AgnesPockels began investigating surface tension, becoming a pioneering figure in...
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biology at the University of Oxford (and achieve first class honours). AgnesPockels first publishes the results of her researches into surface tension....
Fairfield Osborn (born 1857), American paleontologist. November 21 – AgnesPockels (born 1862), German chemist. December 10 – Sir John Carden, 6th Baronet...
Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe, British admiral (b. 1859) November 21 – AgnesPockels, German chemist (b. 1862) November 25 – Lij Iyasu of Ethiopia, deposed...
(American-born astronomer) in Germany, Amalie Dietrich (naturalist), AgnesPockels (physicist) in Russia and Sweden, Sofia Kovalevskaya (mathematician)...
Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Helga Pilarczyk (1926–2011), operatic soprano AgnesPockels (1862–1935), chemist Werner Pöls (1926–1989), historian Karl Pohlig...
Biblical Creation. In 1931, Devaux shared the Laura Leonard Prize with AgnesPockels for their respective investigations of the properties of surface layers...
bacteriologist Mary Engle Pennington (1872–1952), American chemist AgnesPockels (1862–1935), German chemist Vera Popova (1867–1896), Russian chemist...
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