Capture of Hezb-i Wahdat's positions and headquarters
Ending of violence by the Islamabad Accord between the Islamic State and Hekmatyar's forces
Belligerents
Afghanistan
Ittehad-e Islami
Supported by: Saudi Arabia
Hezb-e Islami
Supported by: Pakistan
Hezb-e Wahdat
Supported by: Iran
Commanders and leaders
Ahmad Shah Massoud Burhanuddin Rabbani Anwar Dangar Sayed Hussein Anwari Mohammed Fahim Abdul Rasul Sayyaf Mullah Ezat
Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
Abdul Ali Mazari
Casualties and losses
Minor damages
2000-6000 Deaths
Up to 500 massacred (Including Woman and Children)
several women raped by soldiers
High Ranking Commandos killed
Mazari makes narrow escape
Part of a series on
Hazaras
Hazara people
list of
Hazarajat region
Language
Culture
Diaspora
Persecutions
Flag
Nationalism
Tribes
Cuisine
Politics
Writers
Poets
Military
Religion
Sports
Battles
WikiProject Category Commons
v
t
e
The Afshar Operation was a military operation in Afghanistan that took place on February 11–12, 1993 during the Afghan Civil War (1992-96). The operation was launched by Ahmad Shah Massoud and Burhanuddin Rabbani's Islamic State of Afghanistan government and the allied Abdul Rasul Sayyaf's Ittehad-i Islami paramilitary forces against Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hezbe Islami and Abdul Ali Mazari's Hezbe Wahdat militias in the densely populated, Qizilbash-majority, Afshar district in west Kabul. The Hazara-Hezbe Wahdat together with the Pashtun-Hezbe Islami of Hekmatyar had been shelling densely populated areas in northern Kabul from their positions in Afshar, killing thousands. To counter the shelling, government forces attacked Afshar in order to capture the positions of Wahdat and its leader Mazari, and to consolidate parts of the city controlled by the government.
The operation became an urban war zone and escalated into what is called the Afshar massacre when Sayyaf's Ittehad-i Islami forces and Massoud's Jamaat-e-Islami forces committed "repeated human butchery"[1] turning against the Shia Muslims.[2] Reports emerged that Sayyaf's Sunni Wahhabist forces backed by Saudi Arabia rampaged through Afshar, murdering and burning homes.[3][4] Both the Hezb-e Wahdat and the Ittihad-i Islami had been involved in systematic abduction campaigns against civilians of the "opposite side", a pattern Ittihad continued in Afshar. Besides Ittihad commanders, two of the nine government commanders on the ground, Anwar Dangar (who later defected to the Taliban) and Mullah Izzat, were also named as leading troops that carried out abuses. Reports describe looting, indiscriminate shelling by Sayyaf's men and massacring of thousands of civilians from Hazara ethnic group. In one instance fleeing civilians in the streets were hit by fire from government soldiers. At the same time it was reported that in another incidence government troops carried a wounded Afshar civilian to safety and that some commanders on the ground tried to stop abuses from taking place.[citation needed]
The Islamic State's Defense Minister Ahmad Shah Massoud ordered an immediate halt to the crimes on the second day of the operation, but especially looting and the destruction of houses continued to take place for a second day. Massoud then appointed a Shia commander, Hussain Anwari, to ensure the safety of the Shia civilian population in Afshar. However Anwari himself became infamous for terrorizing Pashtun civilians, who were also raped and assaulted.
He also ordered the withdrawal of all offensive troops and persuaded Sayyaf to do the same. The Islamic State government in collaboration with the then enemy militia of Hezb-e Wahdat as well as in cooperation with Afshar civilians established a commission to investigate the crimes that had taken place in Afshar. The commission paid ransoms for approximately 80 to 200 people held by several Ittihad commanders. But 700-750 people abducted by Ittihad during the campaign were never returned however were later found to be alive and let go off randomly. About 20 were killed.[4] The same commission received information that many women were abducted during the operation, but said that few families would report it.[2] The Afshar operation proceeded with Massoud's approval, although he disapproved of Sayyaf's methods.
The Afshar operation, which saw hundreds of Sunni Pashtuns and Shia Hazaras systemically targeted and depopulated from villages in the area, was the first such sectarian oriented incident in Afghanistan's modern history. It is also considered to have been one of the worst single events in Afghanistan's wars.[5]
^"IV. Culpability". Blood-Stained Hands: Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity (Report). Human Rights Watch. 2006.
^ abAnderson, John Lee (2002). The Lion's Grave (November 26, 2002 ed.). Atlantic Books. p. 224. ISBN 1-84354-118-1.
^Rees, Phil (2 December 2001). "A personal account". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
^ ab"III. The Battle for Kabul: April 1992-March 1993". Blood-Stained Hands: Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity (Report). Human Rights Watch. July 6, 2005.
^"WHC Afshar Massacre Statement | World Hazara Council". worldhazaracouncil.org. Archived from the original on 2018-02-01.
AfsharOperation was a military operation in Afghanistan that took place on February 11–12, 1993 during the Afghan Civil War (1992-96). The operation...
criticism of Massoud's human rights record" is the escalation of the Afshar military operation in 1993. A report by the Afghanistan Justice Project describes...
living in Peshawar, Pakistan for a while. After the Soviet invasion (Operation Storm-333) and installation of Babrak Karmal as head of state, Dostum...
power in the area around Kabul, Afghanistan. In the lead up to the AfsharOperation Tufan, along with Shir Alam was reported to have been present as representatives...
commanding 600 men. He was reportedly involved in the planning of the AfsharOperation which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of civilians.: 99 During...
Civil War in Afghanistan. He was reported to have been involved in the AfsharOperation. Following the fall of the Taliban Kabir Andarabi was a senior ministry...
11, 1993, Ittihad forces took part in the Islamic State's military Afsharoperation which had the objective of ending the bombardment on residential areas...
Kabul Province and ally of Abdul Rasul Sayyaf who participated in the AfsharOperation Hiztullah Yar Nasrat or Izatullah Nasrat Yar, Afghan held in Guantanamo...
500 Hazaras according to a Hazara author February 11–12, 1993 AfsharOperationAfshar district, west Kabul Shura-e Nazar, Islamic State of Afghanistan...
Chester v Afshar [2004] UKHL 41 is an important English tort law case regarding causation in a medical negligence context. In it, the House of Lords decided...
Rabbani's Jamiat-e-Islami. He was reported involved in the planning of the AfsharOperation which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of civilians and furthermore...
involved in the AfsharOperation according to a Human Rights Watch report. The same report also stated that he commanded a brigade into Afshar during the assault...
in planning Operation Sultan 10, along with Major H. Shoghi. Cooper and Bishop have verified the following six as confirmed kills of Afshar: Biography...
Operation Sultan 10 (Persian: عملیات سلطان ١٠) was an operation of the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force (IRIAF) on 29 October 1980, the beginning of...
bodyguard was shot, leading to retaliatory fighting. In the lead-up to the AfsharOperation, Alem was reported to have been present at both the major meeting with...
formed in 2015 by Lucas and Afshar, operates as a label under the Forrest Films banner. Scott Kennedy, formerly head of operations and distribution for Open...
Nadir Shah Afshar's capture of Samarkand, one of the political and economic centers of the region, during his Central Asian campaign. According to Nader...
seven Turkic, all Azerbaijani-speaking tribes: Rumlu, Shamlu, Ustajlu, Afshar, Qajar, Tekelu, and Zulkadar. Connections between the Qizilbash and other...
chieftain of the Abdali tribe) and the commander of Nader Shah Afshar. Following Afshar's death in June 1747, Ahmad secured Afghanistan by taking Kandahar...
patient's situation. Bolam v. Friern Hospital Management Committee Chester v. Afshar Gillick v West Norfolk Area Health Authority Maynard v West Midlands Regional...
Programming Language, ethereum, 30 March 2023, retrieved 30 March 2023 Afshar, Vala (17 July 2017). "Ethereum Is The Second Most Valuable Digital Currency...