For other uses, see Administrative Procedure Act (Japan) and Administrative Procedure Act (Switzerland).
Administrative Procedure Act of 1946
Long title
An Act to improve the administration of justice by prescribing fair administrative procedure.
Acronyms (colloquial)
APA
Enacted by
the 79th United States Congress
Effective
June 11, 1946
Citations
Public law
79-404
Statutes at Large
60 Stat. 237
Codification
Titles amended
5 U.S.C.: Government Organization and Employees
U.S.C. sections created
5 U.S.C. ch. 5, subch. I § 500 et seq.[1]
Legislative history
Introduced in the Senate as S. 7 by Patrick McCarran (D–NV) on October 19, 1945
Committee consideration by Senate Judiciary Committee, House Judiciary Committee
Signed into law by President Harry S. Truman on June 11, 1946
Major amendments
Freedom of Information Act Recodified by Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 383
United States Supreme Court cases
Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp. v. NRDC Sierra Club v. Morton Norton v. Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance Department of Homeland Security v. Regents of the University of California Heckler v. Chaney
Administrative law of the United States
General
Rulemaking
Notice of proposed rulemaking
Adjudication
Administrative law judge
Code of Federal Regulations
Federal Register
Statutory framework
Administrative Procedure Act
Freedom of Information Act
NEPA
GSA
NEA
IGA
RFA
PRA
UMRA
CRA
FVRA
Regulatory coordination
Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs
Administrative Conference
Executive orders
Cost–benefit analysis (Executive Order 12866)
Judicial review of agency action
Arbitrary and capricious
State Farm
Chevron deference
Auer deference
Committed to agency discretion
Due process
Londoner
Bi-Metallic
Goldberg
Mathews
Exhaustion
Major questions doctrine
Nationwide injunction
Ripeness
Abbott Labs
Standing
Lujan
Separation of powers
Appointments Clause
Freytag
Noel Canning
Congressional oversight
Authorization
Organic statute
Appropriation
Hearings
Senate confirmation
Independent agencies
Humphrey's Executor
Seila Law
Unitary executive theory
Legislative veto
Chadha
Nondelegation
Related areas of law (and agencies)
Antitrust and competition
FTC
CPSC
CFPB
Banking
Treasury
OCC
FDIC
FRB
Communication
FCC
Energy
DOE
FERC
Environment
EPA
FWS
Food
FDA
CDC
Health care
HHS
Immigration
DHS
EOIR
Labor
DOL
NLRB
Patent/trademark
PTO
Securities
SEC
CFTC
Taxation
IRS
TC
Trade
DOC
ITC
Transportation
DOT
STB
NTSB
Social Security
SSA
Related topics
Constitutional law
Statutory interpretation
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The Administrative Procedure Act (APA), Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 79–404, 60 Stat. 237, enacted June 11, 1946, is the United States federal statute that governs the way in which administrative agencies of the federal government of the United States may propose and establish regulations, and it grants U.S. federal courts oversight over all agency actions.[2] According to Hickman & Pierce, it is one of the most important pieces of United States administrative law, and serves as a sort of "constitution" for U.S. administrative law.[3]
The APA applies to both the federal executive departments and the independent agencies.[4] U.S. Senator Pat McCarran called the APA "a bill of rights for the hundreds of thousands of Americans whose affairs are controlled or regulated" by federal government agencies. The text of the APA can be found under Title 5 of the United States Code, beginning at Section 500.
There is a similar Model State Administrative Procedure Act (Model State APA), which was drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws for oversight of state agencies.[5] Not all states have adopted the model law wholesale, as of 2017. The federal APA does not require systematic oversight of regulations prior to adoption, unlike the Model APA.[6] Each US state has passed its own version of the Administrative Procedure Act.[7]
^Hall, D: Administrative Law Bureaucracy in a Democracy 4th Ed., page 2. Pearson, 2009.
^5 USC §706
^Hickman, Kristin E. (2014). Federal administrative law : cases and materials. Richard J., Jr. Pierce (2nd ed.). St. Paul, MN. ISBN 978-1-60930-337-2. OCLC 904506231.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Garvey, Todd (2017-03-27). A Brief Overview of Rulemaking and Judicial Review (PDF) (Report). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Congressional Research Service. R41546.
^Vértesy, László (2013). "The Model State Administrative Procedure Act in the USA" (PDF). De Iurisprudentia et Iure Publico.
^(2007). OVERSIGHT AND INSIGHT: LEGISLATIVE REVIEW OF AGENCIES AND LESSONS FROM THE STATES Archived February 22, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Harvard Law Review.
^Yackee, Susan Webb (2019). "The Politics of Rulemaking in the United States". Annual Review of Political Science. 22: 37–55. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050817-092302.
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