Simplified geologic map of the Adel Mountain volcanic field.
The Adel Mountains Volcanic Field (also known as the Adel Mountains, Adel Volcanics, and Adel Mountain Volcanics) is an ancient volcanic field of heavily eroded 75-million-year-old[1][2][3] igneous rocks about 40 miles long and 20 miles wide (800 square miles, or 2,071 square kilometers)[1][4][5] in west-central Montana about 30 miles southwest of the city of Great Falls. The area was named by geologist John Bartholomew Lyons,[6] who first described the general geology of the region in 1944.[7] The Adel Mountains Volcanic Field is a significant and abundant source of shonkinite, a very uncommon type of intrusive igneous rock found primarily in Montana, Ontario, and Timor.[1][2][8][9] Because of its geologic structure, the Adel Mountains Volcanic Field has drawn the attention of geologists for more than 100 years.[10]
^ abGunderson, Jay A. and Sheriff, Steven D. "A New Late Cretaceous Paleomagnetic Pole from the Adel Mountains, West Central Montana." Journal of Geophysical Research. 96:B1 (January 10, 1991).
^Harlan, Stephen S.; Geissman, John W.; Snee, Lawrence W.; and Reynolds, Richard L. "Late Cretaceous Remagnetization of Proterozoic Mafic Dikes, Southern Highland Mountains, Southwestern Montana: A Paleomagnetic and 40Ar/39Ar Study." Geological Society of America Bulletin. 108:6 (June 1996).
^"Cliffs High and Steep" - The Adel Mountain Volcanics. Montana Department of Transportation. No date. Accessed 2009-09-30.
^Sheriff, Steven D. and Gunderson, Jay A. "Age of the Adel Mountain Volcanic Field, West-Central Montana." Isochron/West: A Bulletin of Isotopic Geochronology. December 1990.
^Lyons, J.B. "Igneous Rocks of the Northern Big Belt Range, Montana." Geological Society of American Bulletin. 55:4 (April 1944).
^Beall, Joseph J. "Pseudo-Rhythmic Layering in the Square Butte Alkali-Gabbro Laccolith." American Mineralogist. 57:7-8 (July–August 1972).
^Roberts, Eric M. and Hendrix, Marc S. "Taphonomy of a Petrified Forest in the Two Medicine Formation (Campanian), Northwest Montana: Implications for Palinspastic Restoration of the Boulder Batholith and Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics." Palaios. 15:5 (October 2000).
^Hyndman, Donald W., and Alt, David. "Radial Dikes, Laccoliths and Gelatin Models." Journal of Geology. (1987).
^Hearn, Jr., B. Carter. "The Homestead Kimberlite, Central Montana, USA: Mineralogy, Xenocrysts, and Upper-Mantle Xenoliths." In 8th International Kimberlite Conference: The J. Barry Hawthorn Volume. Vol. 2. T. Stachel, ed. Maryland Heights, Mo.: Gulf Professional Publishing, 2004. ISBN 0-444-51777-4
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