Global InformationDjibouti information
11°30′N 43°00′E / 11.500°N 43.000°E
Republic of Djibouti
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 Flag
 Emblem
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| Motto: Midnimo, Sinnaan, Nabad (Somali) Inkittiino, Qeedala, Wagari (Afar) Unité, Égalité, Paix (French) اتحاد، مساواة، سلام (Arabic) Unity, Equality, Peace (English) | |
| Anthem: Djibouti | |
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| Capital and largest city | Djibouti 11°36′N 43°10′E / 11.600°N 43.167°E |
| Official languages |
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| National languages |
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| Ethnic groups |
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| Religion | 94% Islam 6% Christianity |
| Demonym(s) | Djiboutian |
| Government | Unitary presidential republic under a hereditary dictatorship[2][3] |
• President | Ismaïl Omar Guelleh |
• Prime Minister | Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed |
| Legislature | National Assembly |
| Formation | |
• French Somaliland | 20 May 1883 |
• French Territory of the Afars and Issas | 5 July 1967 |
• Independence from France | 27 June 1977 |
• Admitted to the United Nations | 20 September 1977 |
• Current constitution | 4 September 1992 |
| Area | |
• Total | 23,200[1] km2 (8,958 sq mi)[1] (146th) |
• Water (%) | 0.09 (20 km² / 7.7 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 2022 estimate | 957,273[4] (162nd) |
• Density | 37.2/km2 (96.3/sq mi) (168th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate |
• Total |  $6.61 billion[5] (167th) |
• Per capita | $6,514[5] (137th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $3.7 billion[5] (172nd) |
• Per capita | $3,666[5] (126th) |
| Gini (2017) |  41.6[6]medium |
| HDI (2021) |  0.509[7]low · 171st |
| Currency | Djiboutian franc (DJF) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +253 |
| ISO 3166 code | DJ |
| Internet TLD | .dj |
Djibouti[a], officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia[b] to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden to the east. The country has an area of 23,200 km2 (8,958 sq mi).[1]
In antiquity, the territory, together with Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somaliland, was part of the Land of Punt. Nearby Zeila, now in Somaliland, was the seat of the medieval Adal and Ifat Sultanates. In the late 19th century, the colony of French Somaliland was established after the ruling Dir Somali sultans signed treaties with the French,[10][11][12] and its railroad to Dire Dawa (and later Addis Ababa) allowed it to quickly supersede Zeila as the port for southern Ethiopia and the Ogaden.[13] It was renamed the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas in 1967. A decade later, the Djiboutian people voted for independence. This officially marked the establishment of the Republic of Djibouti, named after its capital city. The new state joined the United Nations.[14][15] In the early 1990s, tensions over government representation led to armed conflict, which ended in a power-sharing agreement in 2000 between the ruling party and the opposition.[1]
Djibouti is a multi-ethnic nation with a population of over 920,000 (the smallest in mainland Africa). French and Arabic are its two official languages, Afar and Somali are national languages. About 94% of Djiboutians adhere to Islam,[1] which is the official religion and has been predominant in the region for more than 1,000 years. The Somalis and Afar make up the two largest ethnic groups, with the former comprising the majority of the population. Both speak a language of the Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages.[1]
Djibouti is near some of the world's busiest shipping lanes, controlling access to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. It serves as a key refuelling and transshipment center, and the principal maritime port for imports from and exports to neighboring Ethiopia. A burgeoning commercial hub, the nation is the site of various foreign military bases. The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) regional body also has its headquarters in Djibouti City.[1]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Djibouti". The World Factbook. CIA. 5 February 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.
- ^ "Democracy Index 2020". Economist Intelligence Unit. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ^ "The world's enduring dictators". CBS News. May 16, 2011.
- ^ "Djibouti". The World Factbook (2023 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
- ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. October 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
- ^ "Gini Index coefficient". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2021/2022" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
- ^ Mylonas, Harris. "De Facto States Unbound - PONARS Eurasia". PONARS Eurasia. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
- ^ Ker-Lindsay, James (2012). The foreign policy of counter secession: preventing the recognition of contested states (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 58–59. ISBN 978-0-19-161197-1. OCLC 811620848.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Uwechuewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 383.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Apcoatfwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 950.
- ^ "Today in Djibouti History". Historyorb.com. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
- ^ "United Nations member states". United Nations. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
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