Aluminate Ferrite monosubstituted or calcium aluminate monosubstituted
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An AFm phase is an "alumina, ferric oxide, monosubstituted" phase, or aluminate ferrite monosubstituted, or Al2O3, Fe2O3 mono, in cement chemist notation (CCN). AFm phases are important hydration products in the hydration of Portland cements and hydraulic cements.
They are crystalline hydrates with generic, simplified, formula 3CaO·(Al,Fe)2O3·CaXy·nH2O, where:
CaX represents a calcium salt, where X replaces an oxide ion;
X is the substituted anion in CaX: – divalent (SO2−4, CO2−3…) with y = 1, or; – monovalent (OH−, Cl−…) with y = 2.
n represents the number of water molecules in the hydrate and may be comprised between 13 and 19.[1]
AFm form inter alia when tricalcium aluminate 3CaO·Al2O3, or C3A in CCN, reacts with dissolved calcium sulfate (CaSO4), or calcium carbonate (CaCO3). As the sulfate form is the dominant one in AFm phases in the hardened cement paste (HCP) in concrete, AFm is often simply referred to as Aluminate Ferrite monosulfate or calcium aluminate monosulfate. However, carbonate-AFm phases also exist (monocarbonate and hemicarbonate) and are thermodynamically more stable than the sulfate-AFm phase. During concrete carbonation by the atmospheric CO2, sulfate-AFm phase is also slowly transformed into carbonate-AFm phases.
^Matschei, T.; Lothenbach, B.; Glasser, F. P. (2007-02-01). "The AFm phase in Portland cement". Cement and Concrete Research. 37 (2): 118–130. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.10.010. ISSN 0008-8846. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
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measures how much air is flowing through a tube AFmphases, or "Alumina, Ferric oxide, monosulfate" phases, in cement chemistry Antiferromagnetism, a material...
aluminate monosulfate (AFmphases or (Al2O3 − Fe2O3 − mono)). When the ratio is intermediate, only a portion of the ettringite converts to AFm and both can coexist...
the hydrate, is in the range 10 to 12 for the AFmphases, and around 32 for the AFt phases. AFt phases are important hydration products of the cement...
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crystals, passivating them. The aluminate then reacts slowly to form AFmphases of general composition 3CaO • Al2O3 • CaSO4 · 12 H2O. These hydrates contribute...
anionic groups such as sulfate, carbonate or chloride, AFmphases and AFt or ettringite phases can form. Pozzolanic reaction is a long term reaction,...
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hydrated calcium aluminates or carboaluminates (AFmphases: Aluminium Ferrite mono-substituted phases), sometimes accompanied with C–S–H as a minor component...
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is the phase playing the role of the glue in the cement hardened paste and responsible of its cohesion. Cement also contains two aluminate phases: C3A and...
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