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ABC notation
Filename extension
.abc
Internet media type
text/vnd.abc
Developed by
Chris Walshaw
Initial release
January 1997; 27 years ago (1997-01)
Latest release
2.1 December 2011; 12 years ago (2011-12)
Type of format
musical notation
Open format?
Yes
Website
abcnotation.com
ABC notation is a shorthand form of musical notation for computers. In basic form it uses the letter notation with a–g, A–G, and z, to represent the corresponding notes and rests, with other elements used to place added value on these – sharp, flat, raised or lowered octave, the note length, key, and ornamentation. This form of notation began from a combination of Helmholtz pitch notation and using ASCII characters to imitate standard musical notation (bar lines, tempo marks, etc.) that could facilitate the sharing of music online, and also added a new and simple language for software developers, not unlike other notations designed for ease, such as tablature and solfège.
The earlier ABC notation was built on, standardized, and changed by Chris Walshaw to better fit the keyboard and an ASCII character set, with the help and input of others. Originally designed to encode folk and traditional Western European tunes (e.g., from England, Ireland, and Scotland) which are typically single-voice melodies that can be written in standard notation on a single staff line, the extensions by Walshaw and others has opened this up with an increased list of characters and headers in a syntax that can also support metadata for each tune.[1]
ABC notation being ASCII-based, any text editor can be used to create and edit the encoding. Even so, there are now many ABC notation software packages available that offer a wide variety of features, including the ability to read and process ABC notation into MIDI files and as standard "dotted" notation. Such software is readily available for most computer systems, including Microsoft Windows, Unix / Linux, Macintosh, Palm OS, and web-based.[2]
Later third-party software packages have provided direct output, bypassing the TeX typesetter,[3] and have extended the syntax to support lyrics aligned with notes,[4] multi-voice and multi-staff notation,[5] tablature,[6] and MIDI.[7]
^Walshaw, Chris. "Introduction". abcnotation.com. abc music notation. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
^Walshaw, Chris. "History". abcnotation.org.uk. abc music notation. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
^Vint, Jim. "ABC2Win shareware music notation program". abc2win.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
^Methfessel, Michael. "ABC2PS". ihp-ffo.de (personal webpage). The Institute for Semiconductor Physics. Archived from the original on 12 February 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
^Moine, Jean-François. "abcm2ps". Jef's page. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
^Dalitz, Christoph. "abctab2ps". Lauten Gesellschaft. Archived from the original on 6 February 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
^Allwright, James. "abcMIDI". abc.sourceforge.net. Archived from the original on 9 March 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
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