For the manned space program, see Chinese space program#Project 863
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The 863 program (Chinese: 863计划) or State High-Tech Development Plan (Chinese: 国家高技术研究发展计划) is a program funded and administered by the government of the People's Republic of China intended to stimulate the development of advanced technologies in a wide range of fields for the purpose of rendering China independent of financial obligations for foreign technologies.[1] It was inspired by the Strategic Defense Initiative proposed by U.S. President Ronald Reagan in 1983, and was absorbed alongside Program 973 into the "National Key R&D Program" in 2016.[2][3][4]
On March 3, 1986, the program was suggested by Wang Daheng, Wang Ganchang, Yang Jiachi, and Chen Fangyun in a letter to China's paramount leader Deng Xiaoping, who approved the program within 2 days.[5][6] The program was initially led by Zhao Ziyang, who was the Premier of China at the time, and received a governmental fund of 10 billion RMB in 1986, which accounts for 5% of the total government spending that year.[3][6][7] According to the US National Counterintelligence and Security Center, the 863 program "provides funding and guidance for efforts to clandestinely acquire US technology and sensitive economic information."[8]
Among the products known to have resulted from the 863 program are the Loongson computer processor family (originally named Godson), the Tianhe supercomputers and the Shenzhou spacecraft.[9][10]
^Wu, Hequan (6 August 2002). "The progress of communication technology subject of hi-tech research development plan of China". WCC 2000 - ICCT 2000. 2000 International Conference on Communication Technology Proceedings (Cat. No.00EX420). Vol. 1. Beijing. pp. 3–4. doi:10.1109/ICCT.2000.889157. ISBN 0-7803-6394-9. S2CID 60832883.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Zhi, Qiang; Pearson, Margaret M. (July 2017). "China's Hybrid Adaptive Bureaucracy: The Case of the 863 Program for Science and Technology" (PDF). Governance. 30 (3): 407–424. doi:10.1111/gove.12245. S2CID 152280888. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
^ abGewirtz, Julian (February 2019). "The Futurists of Beijing: Alvin Toffler, Zhao Ziyang, and China's "New Technological Revolution," 1979–1991". The Journal of Asian Studies. 78 (1): 115–140. doi:10.1017/S0021911818002619. ISSN 0021-9118.
^"Press Conference on the "Launch and Implementation of the National Key R&D Program": Summary Transcript". Center for Security and Emerging Technology. 13 September 2021. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
^"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China". www.most.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 6 January 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
^ ab"1986年邓小平亲自决策启动"863"计划--邓小平纪念网--人民网". cpc.people.com.cn. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
^Karplus, Valerie J.; Deng, Xing Wang (17 December 2007). Agricultural Biotechnology in China: Origins and Prospects. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-0-387-71138-6. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
^"Foreign Spies Stealing US Economic Secrets in Cyberspace: Report to Congress on Foreign Economic Collection and Industrial Espionage, 2009-2011" (PDF). Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive. October 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 December 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
^"Designing Quad-Core Loongson-3 Processor". english.ict.cas.cn. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
^"Scientific Innovation and China's Military Modernization". thediplomat.com. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
The 863program (Chinese: 863计划) or State High-Tech Development Plan (Chinese: 国家高技术研究发展计划) is a program funded and administered by the government of the...
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in your library Resources in other libraries Two Bombs, One Satellite 863Program Project 596 List of nuclear weapons tests of China List of states with...
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High Technology Research and Development Program (863Program) and National Basic Research Program (973 Program)). Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese...
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return back to China to head the electric automobile projects in the 863Program. He became the president of Tongji University in 2002, serving there...
p. 145. Qian (2024), p. 147. Qian (2024), p. 146. Shen & Xia (2011), p. 863. Makar, A. B.; McMartin, K. E.; Palese, M.; Tephly, T. R. (June 1975). "Formate...
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chief designer of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program and an aerospace expert of China's 863Program. Jiang was born in February 1936, in Longjing, in...
There were 115 universities and colleges selected to be part of this program. Project 211 and Project 985 were both initiated by the Jiang Zemin Administration...
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Campaign against spiritual pollution Bourgeois liberalization Opposition 863Program 1986 Chinese student demonstrations Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration...
Computer Science, CAS.[citation needed] Under the Chinese government's 863Program, for the research and development of high technology products, the group...
China. In the mid-19th century, the Taiping Rebellion had a short-lived program of land confiscation and redistribution and after the 1911 Revolution,...
export hubs. Inspired by futurists, especially Alvin Toffler, he led the 863Program to respond to rapid global technological change. Zhao's reforms led to...