Global Information70 Panopaea information
 Orbital diagram | |
| Discovery[1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt |
| Discovery site | Paris Observatory |
| Discovery date | 5 May 1861 |
| Designations | |
MPC designation | (70) Panopaea |
| Pronunciation | /pænəˈpiːə/[2] |
Named after | Panopea |
Minor planet category | main belt[3] |
| Adjectives | Panopaean |
| Orbital characteristics[4] | |
| Epoch 30 November 2008 | |
| Aphelion | 3.0903 AU |
| Perihelion | 2.1402 AU |
Semi-major axis | 2.61526 AU |
| Eccentricity | 0.181641 |
Orbital period (sidereal) | 1544.79 days (4.23 years) |
Mean anomaly | 264.193° |
| Inclination | 11.584° |
Longitude of ascending node | 47.783° |
Argument of perihelion | 256.016° |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 122.17±2.3 km (mean)[5] |
| Mass | (4.33 ± 1.09) × 1018 kg[6] |
Mean density | 3.48 ± 1.05[6] g/cm3 |
Synodic rotation period | 15.87 ± 0.04 hours[7] |
Geometric albedo | 0.0675 ± 0.003[5] |
Spectral type | C[8] |
Absolute magnitude (H) | 8.11[9] |
Panopaea (minor planet designation: 70 Panopaea) is a large main belt asteroid. Its orbit is close to those of the Eunomia asteroid family; however, Panopaea is a dark, primitive carbonaceous C-type asteroid in contrast to the S-type asteroids of the Eunomian asteroids. The spectra of the asteroid displays evidence of aqueous alteration.[10] Photometric studies give a rotation period of 15.797 hours and an amplitude of 0.11±0.01 in magnitude. Previous studies that suggested the rotation period may be twice this amount were rejected based upon further observation.[11]
Panopaea was discovered by Hermann Goldschmidt on 5 May 1861.[1] It was his fourteenth and last asteroid discovery. It is named after Panopea, a nymph in Greek mythology; the name was chosen by Robert Main, President of the Royal Astronomical Society.[12] In 1862, Swedish astronomer Nils Christoffer Dunér gave a doctoral thesis on the orbital elements of this asteroid.[13]
The orbit of 70 Panopaea places it in a mean motion resonance with the planets Jupiter and Saturn. The computed Lyapunov time for this asteroid is 24,000 years, indicating that it occupies a chaotic orbit that will change randomly over time because of gravitational perturbations of the planets.[14]
The asteroid frequently makes close approaches with 16 Psyche, such as on 12 June 2040 when it will make a close approach of 0.00602 AU (2.34 Lunar distances, or approx. 770,000 km, 478,455 mi) to the asteroid, and on 2 June 2095 when it will come only 0.003372 AU (1.31 LD) to the asteroid.[3]
- ^ a b "Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)". IAU: Minor Planet Center. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2008.
- ^ 'Panopea' in Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
- ^ a b "70 Panopaea". JPL Small-Body Database. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 31 December 2008.
- ^ "(70) Panopaea". AstDyS. Italy: University of Pisa. Retrieved 31 December 2008.
- ^ a b Tedesco; et al. (2004). "Supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey (SIMPS)". IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Planetary Data System. Archived from the original on 17 August 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2008.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Carry2012was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Schroll & Schober (1983). "Lightcurves and rotation periods for the asteroids 70 Panopaea and 235 Carolina". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 53: 77–79. Bibcode:1983A&AS...53...77S.
- ^ Neese (2005). "Asteroid Taxonomy". EAR-A-5-DDR-TAXONOMY-V5.0. Planetary Data System. Archived from the original on 5 August 2009. Retrieved 27 December 2008.
- ^ Tholen (2007). "Asteroid Absolute Magnitudes". EAR-A-5-DDR-ASTERMAG-V11.0. Planetary Data System. Archived from the original on 16 August 2009. Retrieved 31 December 2008.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Fornasier1999was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Marciniak2016was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Schmadel, Lutz (2003). Dictionary of minor planet names (fifth ed.). Germany: Springer. p. 22. ISBN 3-540-00238-3.
- ^ Plicht, Christof A. (24 December 2016), "Dunér, Nils Christoffer", Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9917-7_388.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Sidlichovskywas invoked but never defined (see the help page).