30 September Movement information

30 September Movement
	Part of the Cold War in Asia and Transition to the New Order
	Pancasila Sakti Monument; ; ; Victims found in Lubang Buaya. From left to right: General Ahmad Yani, Brigadier General D. I. Pandjaitan, Major General R. Suprapto, Brigadier General Sutoyo Siswomiharjo, Major General M. T. Haryono, Major General S. Parman, First Lieutenant Pierre Tendean.
Date	1 October 1965; 58 years ago
Location	Indonesia, Java and Jakarta
Result	Coup attempt failed Outbreak of anti-communist purge in Indonesia (Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66).; Suharto begins to rise to power; PKI and "Communism/Marxism-Leninism" simultaneously banned in a 1966 MPRS session;
Belligerents
30 September Movement (self-proclaimed faction of the Indonesian Army) Units From Tjakrabirawa Presidential Guard "Various Leftist Militias" in Lubang Buaya	Government of Indonesia Indonesian Army; ;
Commanders and leaders
Lieutenant Colonel Untung Syamsuri; Brigadier General Soepardjo	Sukarno; Suharto; AH Nasution (WIA); Sarwo Edhie Wibowo
Casualties and losses
	6 Indonesian military commanders killed during the coup, along with other military and civilian casualties.

The Thirtieth of September Movement (Indonesian: Gerakan 30 September, also known as G30S, and by the syllabic abbreviation Gestapu for Gerakan September Tiga Puluh, Thirtieth of September Movement, also unofficially called Gestok, for Gerakan Satu Oktober, or First of October Movement) was a self-proclaimed organization of Indonesian National Armed Forces members. In the early hours of 1 October 1965, they assassinated six Indonesian Army generals in an abortive coup d'état.^[1] Later that morning, the organisation declared that it was in control of media and communication outlets and had taken President Sukarno under its protection. By the end of the day, the coup attempt had failed in Jakarta. Meanwhile, in central Java there was an attempt to take control over an army division and several cities. By the time this rebellion was put down, two more senior officers were dead.

In the days and weeks that followed, the army, socio-political, and religious groups blamed the coup attempt on the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). Soon a mass purge was underway, which resulted in the imprisonment and deaths of many actual or suspected Communist Party members and sympathizers. Under the New Order, the movement was usually referred to as "G30S/PKI" by those wanting to associate it with the PKI, and this term is also sometimes used by the current government.^[2]

The editorial cartoon from the front page of the PKI newspaper *Harian Rakjat*, 2 October 1965

Investigations and questioning of Suharto's version of the events were long obstructed in Indonesia. While the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) initially believed that Sukarno orchestrated all of it,^[3] several outside sources found inconsistencies and holes in the army claims, notably Benedict Anderson and Ruth McVey who wrote the Cornell Paper that challenged it.^[4]^[5]

^ "The assassination of generals on the morning of 1 October was not really a coup attempt against the government, but the event has been almost universally described as an 'abortive coup attempt,' so I have continued to use the term." Crouch 1978, p. 101.
^ Roosa (2006) p. 29.
^ THE LESSONS OF THE SEPTEMBER 30 AFFAIR Archived 26 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine, CIA Library
^ Anderson, Benedict R.; McVey, Ruth (1 June 1978). "What Happened in Indonesia?". New York Review of Books. ISSN 0028-7504.
^ Chan, Sewell (14 December 2015). "Benedict Anderson, Scholar Who Saw Nations as 'Imagined,' Dies at 79". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 December 2021.

[1] "The assassination of generals on the morning of 1 October was not really a coup attempt against the government, but the event has been almost universally described as an 'abortive coup attempt,' so I have continued to use the term." Crouch 1978, p. 101.

[ROOSA29-2] Roosa (2006) p. 29.

[3] THE LESSONS OF THE SEPTEMBER 30 AFFAIR Archived 26 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine, CIA Library

[4] Anderson, Benedict R.; McVey, Ruth (1 June 1978). "What Happened in Indonesia?". New York Review of Books. ISSN 0028-7504.

[5] Chan, Sewell (14 December 2015). "Benedict Anderson, Scholar Who Saw Nations as 'Imagined,' Dies at 79". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 30 December 2021.

30 September Movement information

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