Conflict between Pakistan forces and Baloch-Pashtun separatists
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "1970s operation in Balochistan" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(June 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Fourth Balochistan Conflict
Part of the Insurgency in Balochistan, Pashtunistan conflict and the Cold War
Pakistan Army Attack Helicopters HueyCobra AH-1S Cobras at AVN Base, Multan.
Date
February 1973 – November 1977
Location
Balochistan, Pakistan
Result
Pakistani victory[10]
Insurgency Halted
Baluch Militant Groups Dismantled
Restoration of status quo ante bellum
Belligerents
Pakistan Supported by: Iran United States[1][2] Oman[3]
The Fourth Balochistan Conflict was a five-year military conflict in Balochistan, the largest province of Pakistan, between the Pakistan Army and Baloch separatists and tribesmen that lasted from 1973 to 1977.
The conflict began in 1973 shortly after then-Pakistani President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto dismissed the elected provincial government of Balochistan on the pretext that arms had been discovered in the Iraqi Embassy, ostensibly for Baloch rebels. The ensuing protest against the dismissal of the duly elected government also led to calls for Balochistan's secession, met by Bhutto's ordering the Pakistan Army into the province. Akbar Khan Bugti served as provincial governor during the early stages of the conflict. The operation itself was led by General Tikka Khan against an unknown number of militants coordinated by their Baloch sardars, or tribal chiefs, most notably Khair Bakhsh Marri and Ataullah Mengal. Iran provided military support to the operation.[12]
Fighting was intermittent throughout the conflict, climaxing in 1974 with drawn-out battles. The Bhutto regime was overthrown by General Zia-ul-Haq on 5 July 1977, and martial law was imposed. A general amnesty was declared by military governor Rahimuddin Khan. Military action ended by November 1977, replaced by development and educational policies to conciliate the province.
The conflict took the lives of ~3,300 Pakistani troops, ~5,300 militants, and thousands of civilians. Most civilian casualties were inflicted by militants targeting local Baloch populations whom the militants believed were loyal to the government.
^"Analysing the role of US in Balochistan conflict" (PDF).
^Balochistan,the hour of reckoning.
^, Walter C. Ladwig III, "Supporting Allies in Counterinsurgency: Britain and the Dhofar rebellion ," Small Wars & Insurgencies, Vol. 19, No. 1 (March 2008), p. 68 Archived 12 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine.
^ abPaliwal, Avinash (2017). My Enemy's Enemy: India in Afghanistan from the Soviet Invasion to the US Withdrawal. Oxford University Press. pp. 38, 240 and 241. ISBN 9780190685829.
^Cite error: The named reference ab was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference cd was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference ef was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Discovery of Arms in the Iraq Embassy, Islamabad – 1973". Archived from the original on 9 March 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2011.
^"Baluch Liberation Front – Mapping Millitant Organisation". web.stanford.edu. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
^"Balochistan Insurgency".
^ abc"Twentieth Century Atlas – Death Tolls". Retrieved 12 December 2014.
^Foreign Policy Centre, "On the Margins of History", (2008), p.35
and 24 Related for: 1970s operation in Balochistan information
The Fourth Balochistan Conflict was a five-year military conflict inBalochistan, the largest province of Pakistan, between the Pakistan Army and Baloch...
Iran in the Balochistan region, which covers the Pakistani province of Balochistan, Iranian province of Sistan and Baluchestan, and Balochistan of southern...
Zhob suicide attack 1970soperationinBalochistan Human rights abuses inBalochistan List of journalists killed during the Balochistan conflict (1947–present)...
Bhutto dissolved the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan. The operation, under General Tikka Khan, soon took shape in a five-year conflict with the Baloch separatists...
31, 1992) List of wars 1945-1989 The Fifty-Year War: Conflict and Strategy in the Cold War, Norman Friedman (1999) ISBN 978-1557502643 The Global Cold War:...
February: Provincial government inBalochistan is dismissed. February: Start of the 1970soperationinBalochistan. 10 April: 1973 Constitution of Pakistan...
boycotted the Balochistan elections due to ongoing military operations. On 7 March 1977, the Election Commission announced the result in which Pakistan...
the longest-serving governor of Balochistan, Rahimuddin declared a general amnesty and ended all military operationsin the province. His tenure saw widespread...
history of Balochistan refers to the history of the Balochistan region of Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan. Vague allusions to the region were found in Greek...
The Balochistan Liberation Army (Balochi: بلۏچستان آجوییء لشکر; abbreviated BLA, also known as the Baloch Liberation Army), is a Baloch ethnonationalist...
of the Pakistan Army. In the mid-1970s, the Pakistani government used FC Balochistan to counter the terrorists inBalochistan, and the force is unpopular...
The origins of modern Baloch nationalism coupled with the insurgency inBalochistan involving various militant organizations, go back to the period of the...
the independence of Balochistan and that Pakistan wished to paint it as a proxy war of foreign powers. 1970soperationinBalochistan Maxwell, Comparative...
Swedish intervention in Persia Military history of Iran Iranian expansionism Cyrus in Babylon and the Jewish connection List of massacres in Iran Greco-Persian...
State for Interior and Governor of Balochistan Province in Pakistan. He also became minister of state for defence in the cabinet of Feroz Khan Noon. Earlier...
greater Balochistan at the cost of Pakistan's territorial integrity. It was ultimately wound up after General Zia-ul Haq overthrew Bhutto in 1977. A total...
Balochistan cricket team was a domestic cricket team in Pakistan representing Balochistan province. It competed in domestic first-class, List A and T20...
territory. In 1508 AD, Shah Ismail I of the Safavid dynasty conquered Sistan. After the assassination of Nader Shah in 1747, Sistan and Balochistan became...
took an active part in the 1970s Insurgency inBalochistan. However, it lost most of its fighters in Pakistani military operations and some of the surviving...
(BRA) (Urdu: بلوچ ریپبلکن آرمی) was an armed militant group inBalochistan, Pakistan. In September 2010, the Government of Pakistan banned the Baloch...
بلوچ نیشنلسٹ آرمی) was a militant group, fighting for the separation of Balochistan province. The group was formed on January 11, 2022, out of a merger of...