1964 race riots in Singapore information

1964 race riots in Singapore
1964 race riots in Singapore
Part of the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation
Date	21 July 1964; 3 September 1964
Location	Kallang, Geylang and various districts in Singapore
Caused by	Political and religious tensions between ethnic Chinese and Malay groups
Methods	Rioting
Resulted in	Islandwide curfew imposed from 21 July 1964 to 2 August 1964 in the aftermath of the July riots; Islandwide curfew imposed from 4 September 1964 to 11 September 1964 in the aftermath of the September riots; Temporary establishment of the Commission of Inquiry team; Indirectly led to Singapore's expulsion from the Federation of Malaysia; Indirectly led to the independence of Singapore the following year; Establishment of Article 12 of the Singapore Constitution after its independence; Annual commemoration of Racial Harmony Day on 21 July to mark the day of the July riots;
Parties
Lead figures
	Syed Jaafar Albar Yusof Ishak; Lee Kuan Yew; Tunku Abdul Rahman; Abdul Razak Hussein; Ismail Abdul Rahman; Commissioner John Le Cain, SPF; Platoon Commander Winston Choo, 1 MIR
Casualties and arrests
Death(s)	23 (July riots); 13 (September riots)
Injuries	454 (July riots); 106 (September riots)
Arrested	3,568 (July riots); 1,439 (September riots)
Detained	945 (July riots); 268 (September riots)
Charged	715 (July riots); 154 (September riots)

The 1964 race riots in Singapore involved a series of communal race-based civil disturbances between the Malays and Chinese in Singapore following its merger with Malaysia in 1963, and were considered to be the "worst and most prolonged in Singapore's postwar history".^[1]^[2] The term is also used to refer specifically to two riots on 21 July 1964 and 2 September 1964, particularly the former, during which 23 people died and 454 others suffered severe injuries.^[3]

The riots are seen as pivotal in leading up to the independence of Singapore in 1965, its policies of multiracialism and multiculturalism, and to justify laws such as the Internal Security Act.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Singapore, National Library Board. "Communal riots of 1964 – Infopedia". eresources.nlb.gov.sg.
^ Clutterbuck, Richard (1985). Conflict and violence in Singapore and Malaysia, 1945–1983 (1 ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0429034992.
^ Cheng, Adeline Low Hwee (2001). "The past in the present: Memories of the 1964 'racial riots' in Singapore". Asian Journal of Social Science. 29 (3): 431–455. doi:10.1163/156853101X00181.

[eresources-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Singapore, National Library Board. "Communal riots of 1964 – Infopedia". eresources.nlb.gov.sg.

[2] Clutterbuck, Richard (1985). Conflict and violence in Singapore and Malaysia, 1945–1983 (1 ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0429034992.

[:0-3] Cheng, Adeline Low Hwee (2001). "The past in the present: Memories of the 1964 'racial riots' in Singapore". Asian Journal of Social Science. 29 (3): 431–455. doi:10.1163/156853101X00181.

1964 race riots in Singapore information

and 27 Related for: 1964 race riots in Singapore information

1964 race riots in Singapore

1969 race riots of Singapore

List of ethnic riots

List of riots in Singapore

Singapore in Malaysia

Race in Singapore

13 May incident

Proclamation of Singapore

Chink

Eileen Gu

Winston Choo

May 1998 riots of Indonesia

Maphilindo

Monosodium glutamate

Pacific Coast race riots of 1907

Hong Kong nationalism

Racial Harmony Day

Chinese middle school student riots

Pulau Senang prison riots

Discrimination against Chinese Indonesians

Brunei revolt

Suharto

Chinese emigration

Malaysia Day

Singaporeans

Cambodian genocide

Ching chong