The 1959 Kirkuk massacre was a massacre of Iraqi Turkmen in Kirkuk, Iraq, which lasted from 14 August to 16 August 1959.[1] The perpetrators were Kurds from the Iraqi Communist Party, the massacre also changed the previously positive Turkmen-Kurdish relationship in Iraq and created a long-lasting ethnic-based stigma. The event is deeply rooted in the collective memory of the Iraqi Turkmen.[2] The massacre is described as an ethnic, rather than political tension.[3]
^www.fildisiajans.com.tr, Fildişi Ajans, Danışmanlık ve Yazılım. "ORSAM-Center for Middle Eastern Studies". ORSAM-Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Retrieved 2024-02-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Anderson, Liam; Stansfield, Gareth (2011). Crisis in Kirkuk: The Ethnopolitics of Conflict and Compromise (2nd ed.). University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 64. ISBN 9780812206043.
^Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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