Megathrust earthquake in the Pacific Northwest region
1700 Cascadia earthquake
USGS-ANSS
ComCat
Local date
January 26, 1700; 324 years ago (1700-01-26)
Local time
21:00[1]
Magnitude
8.7–9.2 Mw[2]
Epicenter
45°N125°W / 45°N 125°W / 45; -125[1]
Fault
Cascadia subduction zone
Type
Megathrust
Tsunami
Yes
Casualties
Many Native Americans killed or displaced by shaking or subsequent tsunami
The 1700 Cascadia earthquake occurred along the Cascadia subduction zone on January 26, 1700, with an estimated moment magnitude of 8.7–9.2. The megathrust earthquake involved the Juan de Fuca Plate from mid-Vancouver Island, south along the Pacific Northwest coast as far as northern California. The plate slipped an average of 20 meters (66 ft) along a fault rupture about 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) long.
The earthquake caused a tsunami which struck the west coast of North America and the coast of Japan.[3] Japanese tsunami records, along with reconstructions of the wave moving across the ocean, put the earthquake at about 9:00 PM Pacific Time on the evening of 26 January 1700.[4]
Cascadia subduction zoneSandsheet thought to have resulted from the tsunami caused by the 1700 earthquake, exposed on the bank of the Salmon River, Oregon
^ abCite error: The named reference NGDC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Atwater et al. 2005, p. 98
^Atwater, B. F.; Musumi-Rokkaku, S.; Satake, K.; Yoshinobu, T.; Kazue, U.; Yamaguchi, D. K. (2005). The Orphan Tsunami of 1700 – Japanese Clues to a Parent Earthquake in North America. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1707. United States Geological Survey–University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-98535-0.
^Kenji Satake; Kunihiko Shimazaki; Yoshinobu Tsuji; Kazue Ueda (18 January 1996). "Time and size of a giant earthquake in Cascadia inferred from Japanese tsunami records of January 1700". Nature. 379 (6562): 246–249. Bibcode:1996Natur.379..246S. doi:10.1038/379246a0. S2CID 8305522.
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