Global Information1350s information
| Millennium |
|---|
| 2nd millennium |
| Centuries |
|
| Decades |
|
| Years |
|
| Categories |
|
The 1350s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1350, and ended on December 31, 1359.
Events
1350
January–December[edit]
- January 9 – Giovanni II Valente becomes Doge of Genoa.
- May 23 (possible date) – Hook and Cod wars in the County of Holland: A number of nobles and progressive cities supporting William V, Count of Holland, in his power struggle with his mother Margaret I, Countess of Holland, found the Cod League and perhaps sign the Cod Alliance Treaty.
- August 29 – Battle of Winchelsea (Les Espagnols sur Mer) off the south coast of England: An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Castilian fleet.
- September 5 – Hook and Cod wars in the County of Holland: Conservative noblemen found the Hook League and sign the Hook Alliance Treaty.
- November 17 – To pay for the expenses of the revived war with the Republic of Venice, the Republic of Genoa has to subscribe a loan at an interest rate of 10%, from an association of creditors known as the Compera imposita per gerra Venetorum.[1]
Date unknown[edit]
- Hayam Wuruk becomes ruler of the Majapahit Empire.
- The Punta Lobos massacre is carried out by members of the powerful Chimu Empire in Peru, leaving a residue of 200 murders.
- The Black Death first appears in Scotland[2] and Sweden.[3]
- The castle of Rapperswil is largely destroyed by Rudolf Brun, mayor of the city of Zürich.
1351
January–December[edit]
- January 14 – Edward III of England institutes the Treason Act 1351, defining treason in English law. It remains unrepealed into the 21st century.[4][5]
- February – The Statute of Labourers is enacted by the Parliament of England, to deal with a labour shortage caused by the Black Death.
- March 4 – The Ayutthaya Kingdom is established by King Uthong (Ramathibodi I) in modern-day Thailand. [6] He begins to propagate Theravada Buddhism as the state religion.
- March 23 – Firuz Shah Tughlaq succeeds Mohammad Tughlaq as ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. At this time, the Samma dynasty in Sindh (part of modern-day Pakistan) breaks away from the Sultanate.
- March 26 – War of the Breton Succession: Combat of the Thirty – Thirty chosen knights each, from the Kingdoms of France and England, fight to determine who will rule the Duchy of Brittany; a Franco-Breton victory is assured by the squire Guillaume de Montauban.
- April 1 – Hundred Years' War: Battle of Saintes. – The French are defeated by the English.[7]
- April 8 – Hundred Years' War: Battle of Taillebourg. – The French are defeated by the English.[8]
- May 1 – Zürich joins the Old Swiss Confederacy.
- November 26 – Emperor Sukō abdicates as 3rd Emperor of the Northern Court of Japan.
Date unknown[edit]
- The Red Turban Rebellions break out in China, leading to permanent weakening of the Mongolian-run Yuan dynasty.
- King Gongmin ascends the throne in Goryeo.
- The region of Vantaa in Finland is first mentioned (as Helsinge).
1352
January–December[edit]
- June 4 – Glarus joins the Old Swiss Confederacy.
- June 27 – Zug joins the Old Swiss Confederacy.
- September 25 – Emperor Go-Kōgon becomes 4th Emperor of the Northern Court of Japan.[9]
- October – Byzantine civil war of 1352–1357: Battle of Demotika – Fighting as allies of John VI Kantakouzenos, the Ottoman beylik scores its first victory on European soil, against the Serbs.
- November 7 – Corpus Christi College is founded as a College of the University of Cambridge in England, by the Guilds of Corpus Christi and the Blessed Virgin Mary.[10]
- December 18 – Pope Innocent VI succeeds Pope Clement VI as the 199th pope.
- December 26 – The Earldom of Kent of the 5th creation in England becomes extinct.
Date unknown[edit]
- Süleyman Pasha (son of Orhan) is probably granted control of Çimpe Castle on the Gallipoli peninsula by Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos, the first territory west of the Bosporus held by the Ottoman Empire.[11]
1353
January–December[edit]
- March 3 – Bern signs an alliance with the Old Swiss Confederacy.
Date unknown[edit]
- The Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta makes the first recorded visit to Timbuktu and Kabara, when returning from a stay in the capital of the Mali Empire.[12]
- The Decameron is finished by Giovanni Boccaccio.
- The Black Death (1331) subsides.
- The Lao kingdom of Lan Xang is founded by Fa Ngum.
1354
January–December[edit]
- Early in the year – Ibn Battuta returns from his travels at the command of Abu Inan Faris, sultan of Morocco, who appoints a scribe to write an account of the adventures.
- February 12 – The Treaty of Stralsund settles border disputes between the duchies of Mecklenburg and Pomerania.
- March 2 – The Gallipoli earthquake occurs, followed within a month by Turkish capture and settlement, the Fall of Gallipoli.
- October 8 – Cola di Rienzo, self-proclaimed "tribune" of Rome, is killed by an angry mob.
- December 10 – The reign of John VI Kantakouzenos as Byzantine Emperor is ended, after John V Palaiologos retakes Constantinople and is restored as sole emperor.
Date unknown[edit]
- After 24 years of struggling for independence, since the Battle of Posada (1330), won against Hungarians by his father, Nicholas Alexander of Wallachia becomes vassal to Hungarian king Louis I.
- Sahab-ud-Din becomes Sultan of Kashmir.
1355
January–December[edit]
- January 6 – Charles IV of Bohemia is crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy as King of Italy in Milan.
- January 7 – King Alphonso IV of Portugal sends three men who kill Inês de Castro, beloved of his son Peter, who revolts and incites a civil war.
- February 10 – St Scholastica Day riot in Oxford, England, breaks out, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead in two days.[13]
- March 16 – Red Turban Rebellions: Han Lin'er, a claimed descendant of Emperor Huizong of Song, is proclaimed emperor of the restored Song dynasty in Bozhou.[14]
- April – Philip II, Prince of Taranto, marries Maria of Calabria, daughter of Charles, Duke of Calabria, and Marie of Valois.
- April 5 – Charles IV is crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome.
- April 18 – In Venice, the Council of Ten beheads Doge Marin Falier, for conspiring to kill them.[15]
- August – Battle of Nesbit Moor: The Scottish army decisively defeats the English.[16]
- September 1 – The old town of Visoki is first mentioned in Tvrtko I of Bosnia's charter in castro nostro Vizoka vocatum.[17]
- October 5–December 2 – Hundred Years' War: Black Prince's chevauchée of 1355: A large mounted Anglo-Gascon force under the command of Edward the Black Prince marches from Bordeaux in English-held Gascony 300 miles (480 km) south to Narbonne and back, devastating a wide swathe of French territory.[18]
Date unknown[edit]
- Battle of Ihtiman: The Ottoman Turks defeat the Bulgarian Empire.
- Red Turban Rebellions: Guo Zixing dies, leaving his forces to the command of his son-in-law, Zhu Yuanzhang. Guo's successors are later killed in battle while trying to capture Nanjing.[14]
1356
January–December[edit]
- January 20 – Edward Balliol surrenders his title as King of Scotland, to Edward III of England.[19]
- ca. February – Burnt Candlemas: Edward III of England burns down every town and village in Lothian, Scotland.
- June 17 – The city of Lwów is granted Magdeburg rights by Casimir III of Poland. The advantages of the rights were not only economic, but also political.[20]
- September 19 – Hundred Years' War – Battle of Poitiers: The English, commanded by Edward, the Black Prince, defeat the French. The greatly outnumbered English forces not only rout the French, but capture the French king John II of France and his youngest son, the future Philip II of Burgundy.[21]
- October 17 – Erik XII proclaims himself king of Sweden, in opposition to his father, King Magnus IV. Thus begins a civil war in Sweden between father and son, which will last until Erik's death in 1359.[22]
- October 18 (St Luke's Day) – The Basel earthquake affects northern Switzerland, with a maximum MSK intensity of IX–X (Destructive–Devastating), leaving around 1,000 dead. It is the most damaging intraplate earthquake known to have occurred in central Europe.[23]
- December 25 – Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, promulgates the Golden Bull, a constitution for his empire.[24]
Date unknown[edit]
- The Hanseatic League, a trading alliance between many cities in northern Europe, first meets.
- Sweden's first guild privileges (for tailors) are issued in Stockholm.[25]
- Ghazan II replaces Anushirwan as ruler of the Ilkhanate in Persia.
- Zhu Yuanzhang, one of the leaders in the Red Turban Rebellion, captures the city of Nanjing from the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty in China; from then on it becomes his base of power, and the capital of a new dynasty he would establish in 1368, the Ming dynasty.[26]
- The majority of the Great Pyramid of Giza's limestone casing stones are removed by Bahri Sultan An-Nasir Hasan, to build fortresses and mosques in the nearby city of Cairo, leaving the first of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World in the step-stone condition in which it remains into modern times.
- The Castelvecchio Bridge in Verona is probably completed this year; its main span of 48.7 m (160 ft) is the world's longest arch at this time.
1357
January–December[edit]
- February 3 – The Estates General in France meets and passes Étienne Marcel's Great Ordinance in an attempt to impose limits on the monarchy, in particular in fiscal and monetary matters.[27]
- April 28 – Erik Magnusson is recognized as king of most of Sweden, in opposition to his father, King Magnus.[28]
- May 28 – Peter I becomes King of Portugal, after the death of his father, Alfonso IV.[29]
- July 9 – Formal start of construction on Charles Bridge in Prague.[30]
- July 22 – On the death of Jani Beg, he is succeeded as Khan of the Blue Horde by his son Berdi Beg[31] who orders the death of at least 12 of his close kinsmen to secure his position.
- October 3 – The Treaty of Berwick ends the Second War of Scottish Independence and King David II of Scotland is released by the English in return for a ransom.[32]
Date unknown[edit]
- The Blue Horde unseats Ghazan II as the ruler of the Il-Khanate, and appoints their own governor.
- Battle of Bubat: The Sundanese royal family is massacred by the Majapahit Army on the orders of Gajah Mada; the death toll includes Sundanese King Lingga Buana and Princess Dyah Pitaloka Citraresmi, who commits suicide.
- Rao Kanhadev becomes Rathore ruler of Marwar (part of modern-day India).[33]
- Influenza is first identified as a disease.[34]
- The first public exhibition of the Shroud of Turin is recorded.[35]
- The Wat Phra Si Rattana Mahathat (Famous Wat Yai) Temple is constructed in Phitsanulok, Thailand.[36]
1358
January–December[edit]
- January 10 – Muhammad II as Said becomes ruler of the Marinid dynasty in modern-day Morocco after the assassination of Abu Inan Faris.
- February 11 – Mohammed Shah I becomes Bahmani Sultan of Deccan (part of modern-day southern India) after the death of Sultan Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah.
- February 18 – Treaty of Zadar, between Louis I of Hungary/Croatia and the Republic of Venice: The Venetians lose influence over their former Dalmatian holdings.[37]
- March 16 – King Haakon VI of Norway designates the city of Skien as a city with trading privileges, making it the sixth town with city status in Norway.
- May 28 – Hundred Years' War: The Jacquerie – A peasant rebellion begins in France, which consumes the Beauvais, and allies with Étienne Marcel's seizure of Paris.[38]
- June 27 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded, after being freed from the Republic of Venice.[39]
- July 10 – Battle of Mello: The Jacquerie rebellion is defeated by a coalition of nobles, led by Charles II of Navarre.[40]
Date unknown[edit]
- Mubariz al-Din Muhammad, leader of the Arab Muzaffarid tribe, expels the Blue Horde from Ilkhanate territory in Persia. The Muzaffarid then release control of the Il-Khanate, after being marched on by the Mongol Jalayirid tribe, ruled by Shaikh Uvais. Shaikh Uvais becomes the new Il-Khan. The Ilkhanate is effectively now disbanded, and replaced by the Jalayirid dynasty of Persia.
- Shah Shuja overthrows his father, Mubarazuddin Muhammad, as leader of the Muzaffarid tribe.
- Estimation: Nanjing in Yuan China becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Hangzhou in Yuan China.[41]
1359
January–December[edit]
- May 25 – The French States-General repudiates the terms of the Second Treaty of London, signed earlier in the year between England and France.[42]
- June 21 – Upon the death of Erik Magnusson, his claims to the Swedish throne die with him, and power is restored undivided to his father, King Magnus.[43] With this unexpected death of Erik Magnusson, a previous promise to give Helsingborg to Denmark was reneged on by Magnus IV Eriksson.[44] But Valdemar IV Atterdag was far too ambitious a ruler to have his plan to reassemble the Danish kingdom fall into pieces, and so he proceeded to invade Scania the next year with his mercenary army.[45]
- July 4 – Francesco II Ordelaffi surrenders to the Papal commander, Gil de Albornoz.[46]
- August – Qulpa becomes Khan of the Blue Horde after the death of Berdi Beg.
- August 23 – Ismail II overthrows his uncle, Muhammed V, as Sultan of Granada (in modern-day Spain).
- September – Margaret, Countess of Tyrol, and her second husband, Louis V, Duke of Bavaria, are absolved from excommunication.
- December 19 – The Catalan Courts are held in Cervera, giving birth to the Deputation of the General of Catalonia (Diputació del General de Catalunya), also called Generalitat of Catalonia (Generalitat de Catalunya).[47]
Date unknown[edit]
- Abu Salim Ali II overthrows Muhammad II as-Said as ruler of the Marinid dynasty, in modern-day Morocco.
- The Zayanids under Abu Hamuw II recapture Kingdom of Tlemcen in Algeria.
- Shah Mahmud overthrows his brother, Shah Shuja, as leader of the Muzaffarid tribe in Persia.
- Ananda Patel (considered common ancestor for most of the modern-day population of Bhadran) moves to Bhadran from Anklav.
- Berlin joins the Hanseatic League.
- probable date – Battle of Megara: A Christian coalition defeats a Turkish raider fleet.[48][49]
- earliest possible date – Bogdan I becomes Prince of Moldavia (modern-day Moldova) after freeing it from Hungarian control. He will be ancestor of the House of Bogdan, who will rule Moldavia for more than three centuries.[50]
- ^ Canale, Michele Giuseppe (1864). Nuova Istoria della repubblica di Genova. Epoca quarta (1339-1528): I dogi popolari. Florence: Felice Le Monnier. p. 151.
- ^ "BBC - History - British History in depth: Black Death". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ^ Benedictow, Ole Jørgen (19 December 2016). The Black Death and Later Plague Epidemics in the Scandinavian Countries:: Perspectives and Controversies. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 261. ISBN 978-83-7656-047-2.
- ^ Blackstone, William; Stewart, James (1839). The Rights of Persons, According to the Text of Blackstone: Incorporating the Alterations Down to the Present Time. p. 77.
- ^ The Treason Act 1351 legislation.gov.uk.
- ^ Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (11 May 2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World (Kindle ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 43.
- ^ Wagner, John A. (2006). "Saintes, Battle of (1351)". Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Greenwood. ISBN 978-0313327360. p. 275.
- ^ Rickard, J. (2000-10-03). "Battle of Taillebourg, 8 April 1351". Military History Encyclopedia on the Web. Retrieved 2015-03-26.
- ^ Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland, pp. 302
- ^ University of Cambridge (6 March 2019). "Notice by the Editor". Cambridge University Reporter. 149 (Special No 5): 1. Retrieved 20 March 2019.
- ^ Nicolle, David; Hook, Adam. Ottoman Fortifications 1300-1710. Osprey Publishing, 2010. Accessed 3 Sept 2011.
- ^ Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F. P., eds. (2000). Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West Africa. New York: Marcus Weiner Press. p. 299. ISBN 1-55876-241-8.
- ^ Brockliss, L. W. B. (2016). The University of Oxford: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-924356-3.
- ^ a b Denis Twitchett (1988). The Cambridge History of China, Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1. Cambridge University Press. pp. 42–45. ISBN 978-0-521-24332-2.
- ^ Villari, Luigi (1911). "Faliero, Marino" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 148.
- ^ Dalrymple, Sir David (1819). Annals of Scotland. Edinburgh, Scotland: Archibald Constable & Co. p. 182-183.
- ^ Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina (3 April 2009). "Povijesno područje – Stari grad Visoki". Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Archived from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- ^ Madden, Mollie Marie (2014). The Black Prince at War: The Anatomy of a Chevauchée (PDF) (PhD thesis). Minnesota: University of Minnesota.
- ^ Hammond, Matthew (2019). "The Acts of Edward Balliol, king of Scots (1332–56)". The community of the realm in Scotland, 1249–1424. Retrieved June 15 2023.
- ^ Oskar Halecki; W: F. Reddaway; J. H. Penson. The Law of Magdeburg used in Poland. The Cambridge History of Poland. CUP (Cambridge University Press) Archive. pp. 133–136. ISBN 1-001-28802-5. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
- ^ McKisack 1959, p. 139.
- ^ "Erik Magnusson". Svenskt biografiskt lexikon. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
- ^ 1356 Basel Earthquake: A 650-Year Retrospective" (PDF). Risk Management Solutions. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 16 June 2023. The most damaging intraplate earthquake known to have occurred in central Europe.
- ^ Luxembourg, Charles IV (2 November 2019). The Golden Bull of 1356 AD. ISBN 978-1-9870-2740-2
- ^ Lindström, Dag. 1991. Skrå, stad och stat. Stockholm, Malmö och Bergen ca 1350-1622. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis: Uppsala.
- ^ Ebrey (1999), 191.
- ^ Michelet, Jules; Smith, G. H. (1845). History of France: from the earliest period to the present time. Vol. 1. D. Appleton & Co. p. 442.
- ^ Schybergson, Magnus Gottfrid (1903). Finlands historia (in Swedish). Vol. 2. G. W. Edlund. p. 90.
- ^ "Oporto to Photoengraving". Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 21. Scholastic Library Publishing. 2004. p. 803. ISBN 978-0-7172-0138-9.
- ^ Burton, Richard (2003). Prague: a cultural and literary history. Signal Books. p. 24. ISBN 978-1-902669-63-2.
- ^ Perrie, Maureen; Lieven, D. C. B.; Suny, Ronald Grigor (2006). The Cambridge History of Russia: From early Rus' to 1689. Cambridge University Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-521-81227-6.
- ^ Brown, Keith M. (2004). Tanner, Roland (ed.). Parliament and politics in Scotland, 1235–1560. Edinburgh University Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-7486-1485-1.
- ^ Bunce, Frederick W. (2006). Royal palaces, residences, and pavilions of India. D.K. Printworld. p. 303. ISBN 978-81-246-0356-7.
- ^ Raoult, Didier; Drancourt, Michel (2008). Paleomicrobiology: past human infections. Springer. p. 200. ISBN 978-3-540-75854-9.
- ^ The Remarkable Metrological History of Radiocarbon Dating. Vol. 2. DIANE Publishing. p. 200. ISBN 978-1-4223-1857-7.
- ^ Eliot, Joshua; Bickersteth, Jane (2003). Thailand handbook (2nd ed.). Footprint Travel Guides. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-903471-54-8.
- ^ Lous I on Britannica Encyclopedia
- ^ Justine Firnhaber-Baker, The Jacquerie of 1358: A French Peasants' Revolt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021.
- ^ Kenneth Meyer Setton (1978). The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571 Vol. 2, (Diane Publishing), ISBN 0-87169-127-2.
- ^ Firnhaber-Baker, Justine (2021). The Jacquerie of 1358 : a French peasants' revolt (First ed.). Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-259835-6. OCLC 1255709650.
- ^ "Geography at about.com". Archived from the original on July 14, 2007. Retrieved February 27, 2006.
- ^ name="Tout1905">Tout, T. F. (1905). The Political History of England, Volume 3. Longmans, Green And Co. p. 395.
- ^ "Erik Magnusson". Svenskt biografiskt lexikon. Retrieved June 19, 2023.
- ^ "Chronology of Sweden". worldtimeline.info. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
- ^ "Chronology of Sweden". worldtimeline.info. Retrieved August 1, 2018.
- ^ Rendina, Claudio (1994). I capitani di ventura. Rome: Newton Compton.
- ^ Adam J. Kosto (3 May 2001). Making Agreements in Medieval Catalonia: Power, Order, and the Written Word, 1000-1200. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79239-4. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
- ^ Luttrell, Anthony (1975). "The Hospitallers at Rhodes, 1306–1421". In Setton, Kenneth M.; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.). A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 278–313. ISBN 0-299-06670-3.
- ^ Topping, Peter (1975). "The Morea, 1311–1364". In Setton, Kenneth M.; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.). A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 104–140. ISBN 0-299-06670-3.
- ^ Georgescu, Vlad (1991). The Romanians: A History. Ohio State University Press. p. 18. ISBN 0-8142-0511-9.