This article is about the calligrapher. For other people, see Zhang Xu (disambiguation).
In this Chinese name, the family name is Zhang.
An example of Zhang Xu's calligraphy
Zhang Xu
Traditional Chinese
張旭
Simplified Chinese
张旭
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Zhāng Xù
Wade–Giles
Chang1 Hsü4
IPA
[ʈʂáŋ ɕŷ]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
Jēung Yūk
Southern Min
Tâi-lô
Tiunn Hiok
Zhang Xu (Chinese: 張旭, fl. 8th century), courtesy name Bogao (伯高), was a Chinese calligrapher and poet of the Tang dynasty.
A native of Suzhou, he became an official during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. Zhang was known as one of the Eight Immortals of the Wine Cup. Legend has it that whenever he was drunk, he would use his hair as brush to perform his art, and upon his waking up, he would be amazed by the quality of those works but failed to produce them again in his sober state.
Though more well known for his explosive cursive script, he excelled in the regular script. There is an anecdote that says he grasped the essence of cursive writing by observing some porters fight for their way with the guard of honor of some princess, and by watching the solo performance of a famous sword-dancer named Lady Gongsun (公孫大娘). He was known as 草聖 (the Divine Cursive-writer) for his great skill in the cursive script.[1]
Under the excitement of art (and wine), he became oblivious of social expectations, and would often fling off his cap in the presence of princes and nobles. Hence he came to be known as 張顛 (Zhang the Madman).[1] He is often paired with the younger Huaisu as the two greatest cursive calligraphers of the Tang dynasty. The duo is affectionately referred to as "the crazy Zhang and the drunk Su" (顛張醉素).
One of Zhang Xu's poems was included in the poetry anthology Three Hundred Tang Poems.
^ abThis article incorporates text from entry Chang Hsü in A Chinese Biographical Dictionary by Herbert A. Giles (1898), a publication now in the public domain.
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