Xylocopa sonorina, the valley carpenter bee or Hawaiian carpenter bee,[2] is a species of carpenter bee found from western Texas to northern California,[3] and the eastern Pacific islands.[4] Females are black while males are golden-brown with green eyes.
^"NatureServe Explorer 2.0".
^Gerling, D. (1982) Nesting biology and flower relationships of Xylocopa sonorina Smith in Hawaii (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 58:336-351
^Waller, Gordon D.; Vaissiere, Bernard E.; Moffett, Joseph O.; Martin, Joseph H. (1985-06-01). "Comparison of Carpenter Bees (Xylocopa varipuncta Patton) (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) and Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) as Pollinators of Male-sterile Cotton in Cages". Journal of Economic Entomology. 78 (3): 558–561. doi:10.1093/jee/78.3.558. ISSN 0022-0493.
^Hurd, Jr., Paul (1958). "The carpenter bees of the eastern Pacific oceanic islands (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)". Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. Allen Press. 31 (4): 249–255.(subscription required)
Xylocopasonorina, the valley carpenter bee or Hawaiian carpenter bee, is a species of carpenter bee found from western Texas to northern California,...
usage can also be seen in the wood-nesting bee species Xylocopa sulcatipes and Xylocopasonorina. Like honey and propolis, other well-known honeybee products...
The California carpenter bee or Western carpenter bee, Xylocopa californica, is a species of carpenter bee in the order Hymenoptera, and it is native to...
wren, hamadryas baboon, common pheasant, red deer, Bengal tiger, Xylocopasonorina, Anthidium manicatum and elk.[citation needed] Often in polygynous...
Pollinators of Passiflora include bumblebees, carpenter bees (e.g., Xylocopasonorina), wasps, bats, and hummingbirds (especially hermits such as Phaethornis);...
acervorum, the moths Helicoverpa zea and Agrotis ipsilon, the bee Xylocopasonorina, the frog Pseudophryne bibronii, and the butterfly Edith's checkerspot...
damage on petal tissue after robbery or changes in nectar quality. Xylocopasonorina steals nectar through a slit they make in the base of the petals....
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