(1779-1879) Wars between the Xhosa Kingdom and the British Empire as well as Dutch settlers
Xhosa Wars
Part of the colonisation of Africa
A column of Xhosa warriors, crossing a ravine in the frontier mountains
Date
1779–1879
Location
Nowadays Eastern Cape, currently South Africa, Cape Colony frontier
Result
Defeat of the Xhosas
Territorial changes
Cape expansion to the east
Belligerents
Xhosa Kingdom
Xhosa
British Empire
Dutch Cape Colony (1st and 2nd)
Trekboers
British Cape Colony (4th to 9th)
Part of a series on the
Military history of South Africa
Conflicts
Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars
Napoleonic Wars
Xhosa Wars
Ndwandwe–Zulu War
South African Wars
Anglo–Zulu War
First Boer War
Second Boer War
First World War
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Border War
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The Xhosa Wars (also known as the Cape Frontier Wars or the Kaffir Wars[1]) were a series of nine wars (from 1779 to 1879) between the Xhosa Kingdom and the British Empire as well as Trekboers in what is now the Eastern Cape in South Africa. These events were the longest-running military resistance against European colonialism in Africa.[a][3]
The reality of the conflicts between the Europeans and Xhosa involves a balance of tension. At times, tensions existed between the various Europeans in the Cape region, tensions between Empire administration and colonial governments, and tensions within the Xhosa Kingdom, e.g. chiefs rivalling each other, which usually led to Europeans taking advantage of the situation to meddle in Xhosa politics. A perfect example of this is the case of chief Ngqika and his uncle, chief Ndlambe.
The conflicts between the amaXhosa and British were covered extensively in the metropolitan British press, generating increased demand among the British public for information about their country's far-off colonial conflicts.[4]
^"Surgeon-General SIR CHARLES MacDONAGH CUFFE, K.C.B., LL.D". BMJ. 2 (2859): 589. 1915. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.2859.589-b. ISSN 0959-8138. PMC 2303193.
^Peires 1979, p. 51.
^Peires 1976, p. 1.
^Arndt, Jochen S. (December 2012). "On Heroes and Villains: The Times' reporting on the Cape Colony's Frontier Wars, 1818-1853 The South African Military History Society". Military History Journal. 15 (6). Retrieved 3 March 2023.
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