Xenorhabdus is a genus of motile, gram-negative bacteria from the family of the Morganellaceae. All the species of the genus are only known to live in symbiosis with soil entomopathogenic nematodes from the genus Steinernema.[2]
Although no free-living forms of Xenorhabdus have ever been isolated outside of the nematode host, the benefits for the bacteria are still unknown.
However, it has been demonstrated that the nematode can't establish within its insect host without the bacteria.[3]
The tripartite Xenorhabdus-nematode-insect interaction represents a model system in which both mutualistic and pathogenic processes can be studied in a single bacterial species.
In the laboratory, some species are virulent even when artificially injected into the insect host, whereas others species need the nematode to affect the insect.[3]
^ abKämpfer, P; Tobias, NJ; Ke, LP; Bode, HB; Glaeser, SP (May 2017). "Xenorhabdus thuongxuanensis sp. nov. and Xenorhabdus eapokensis sp. nov., isolated from Steinernema species". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 67 (5): 1107–1114. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001770. PMID 28056225.
^John M. Chaston; Garret Suen; Sarah L. Tucker; Aaron W. Andersen; Archna Bhasin; Edna Bode; Helge B. Bode; Alexander O. Brachmann; et al. (2011-11-18). "The Entomopathogenic Bacterial Endosymbionts Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus: Convergent Lifestyles from Divergent Genomes". PLOS ONE. 6 (11): e27909. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...627909C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027909. PMC 3220699. PMID 22125637.
^ abGaudriault S., Ogier J.C.; Pagès S.; Bisch G.; Chiapello H.; Médigue C.; Rouy Z.; Teyssier C.; Vincent S.; Tailliez P.; Guivaudan A. (2014-07-25). "Attenued Virulence And Genomic Reductive Evolution In The Entomopathogenic Bacterial Symbiont Species, Xenorhabdus poinarii". Genome Biology and Evolution. 6 (6): 1495–1513. doi:10.1093/gbe/evu119. PMC 4079199. PMID 24904010.
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