Analytical framework for interpreting global relations, structures, and practices
World polity theory (also referred to as world society theory, global neo-institutionalism, and the Stanford school of global analysis)[1] is an analytical framework for interpreting global relations, structures, and practices.[2] The theory views the world system as a social system with a cultural framework called world polity, which encompasses and influences the actors under it.[2] According to the theory, world polity provides a set of cultural norms and directions that actors of the world society follow in dealing with problems and general procedures.[3]
According to John Boli and George M. Thomas, "the world polity is constituted by distinct culture – a set of fundamental principles and models, mainly ontological and cognitive in character, defining the nature and purposes of social actors and action."[4] In contrast to other theories such as neo-realism or liberalism, the theory considers actors such as the states and institutions to be under the influence of global norms.[3] Although it closely resembles constructivism, "world-polity theorists have been far more resolute in taking the 'cultural plunge' than their constructivism counterparts".[1] In other words, world polity theory puts more emphasis on homogenization than the Other. Through globalization, world polity and culture trigger the formation of enactable cultures and organizations while in return cultures and organizations elaborate the world society further.[3]
Beginning in the 1970s with its initiation by John W. Meyer of Stanford University, world polity analysis initially revolved around examining inter-state relations.[5] It was developed partly in response to the application of world systems theory. Simultaneously in the 1970s and also in the 1980s, a significant amount of work was done on the international education environment.[5] However, in the 1980s and 1990s, due to the noticeable influence of globalization on world culture, the direction of the study shifted towards analyzing the transnational social movement, while at the same time attempting to better understand how global polity ideas are implemented through global actors.[5] According to Andreas Wimmer, the theory is "perhaps the most prominent and well-developed research program in sociology."[6]
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^Wimmer, Andreas (2021-05-01). "Domains of Diffusion: How Culture and Institutions Travel around the World and with What Consequences" (PDF). American Journal of Sociology. 126 (6): 1389–1438. doi:10.1086/714273. ISSN 0002-9602. S2CID 235372380.
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