This article is about the president of the United States. For other people with the same name, see Woodrow Wilson (disambiguation).
Woodrow Wilson
Portrait, 1919
28th President of the United States
In office March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921
Vice President
Thomas R. Marshall
Preceded by
William Howard Taft
Succeeded by
Warren G. Harding
34th Governor of New Jersey
In office January 17, 1911 – March 1, 1913
Preceded by
John Franklin Fort
Succeeded by
James Fairman Fielder
13th President of Princeton University
In office October 25, 1902 – October 21, 1910
Preceded by
Francis Landey Patton
Succeeded by
John Grier Hibben
Personal details
Born
Thomas Woodrow Wilson
(1856-12-28)December 28, 1856 Staunton, Virginia, U.S.
Died
February 3, 1924(1924-02-03) (aged 67) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting place
Washington National Cathedral
Political party
Democratic
Spouses
Ellen Axson
(m. 1885; died 1914)
Edith Bolling
(m. 1915)
Children
Margaret
Jessie
Eleanor
Parents
Joseph Ruggles Wilson
Jessie Janet Woodrow
Alma mater
Princeton University (AB)
Johns Hopkins University (PhD)
Occupation
Academic
politician
Awards
Nobel Peace Prize (1919)
Signature
Scientific career
Fields
Political science
Institutions
Johns Hopkins University
Thesis
Congressional Government: A Study in American Politics(1886)
Woodrow Wilson's voice
On democratic principles Recorded August 7, 1912
This article is part of a series about
Woodrow Wilson
Early life
Boyhood home
South Carolina home
President of Princeton University
New Jersey gubernatorial election
28th President of the United States
Presidency
Timeline
First term
1912 presidential election
Convention
Transition
1st inauguration
Foreign policy
Women's suffrage
Woman Suffrage Procession
The New Freedom
Silent Sentinels
Federal Reserve Act
Clayton Antitrust Act
Federal Trade Commission
United States occupation of Veracruz
Pancho Villa Expedition
Coalfield War
Daylight saving time
Banana Wars
Louis Brandeis Supreme Court nomination
Second term
1916 presidential election
Convention
2nd inauguration
18th Amendment
19th Amendment
World War I
Foreign policy 1917-1921
Zimmermann Telegram
Thrasher incident
Entry into war
Against Austria-Hungary
Against Germany
American home front
Espionage Act
Fourteen Points
Wilsonian Armenia
Paris Peace Conference
Big Four
Treaty of Versailles
League of Nations
Judicial appointments
Supreme Court
Wilson and race relations
Wilson House
Princeton School of Public and International Affairs
Wilson Center
Presidential Library
Wilsonianism
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Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of Princeton University and as the governor of New Jersey before winning the 1912 presidential election. As president, Wilson changed the nation's economic policies and led the United States into World War I in 1917. He was the leading architect of the League of Nations, and his progressive stance on foreign policy came to be known as Wilsonianism.
Born in Staunton, Virginia, Wilson grew up in the Southern United States, mainly in Augusta, Georgia, during the American Civil War and Reconstruction era. After earning a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in history and political science from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Wilson taught at several colleges prior to being appointed president of Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey, where he emerged as a prominent spokesman for progressivism in higher education.
Wilson served as governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913, during which he broke with party bosses and won the passage of several progressive reforms. To win the 1912 presidential nomination he mobilized progressives and Southerners to his cause at the 1912 Democratic National Convention. Wilson defeated incumbent Republican William Howard Taft and third-party nominee Theodore Roosevelt to easily win the 1912 United States presidential election, becoming the first Southerner to do so since 1848. During his first year as president, Wilson authorized the widespread imposition of segregation inside the federal bureaucracy. He ousted many African Americans from federal posts and his opposition to women's suffrage drew protests. His first term was largely devoted to pursuing passage of his progressive New Freedom domestic agenda. His first major priority was the Revenue Act of 1913, which lowered tariffs and began the modern income tax. Wilson also negotiated the passage of the Federal Reserve Act, which created the Federal Reserve System. Two major laws, the Federal Trade Commission Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act, were enacted to promote business competition and combat extreme corporate power.
At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the U.S. declared neutrality as Wilson tried to negotiate a peace between the Allied and Central Powers. He narrowly won re-election in the 1916 United States presidential election, boasting how he kept the nation out of wars in Europe and Mexico. In April 1917, Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war against Germany in response to its policy of unrestricted submarine warfare that sank American merchant ships. Wilson nominally presided over war-time mobilization and left military matters to the generals. He instead concentrated on diplomacy, issuing the Fourteen Points that the Allies and Germany accepted as a basis for post-war peace. He wanted the off-year elections of 1918 to be a referendum endorsing his policies, but instead the Republicans took control of Congress. After the Allied victory in November 1918, Wilson went to Paris where he and the British and French leaders dominated the Paris Peace Conference. Wilson successfully advocated for the establishment of a multinational organization, the League of Nations. It was incorporated into the Treaty of Versailles that he signed. Wilson had refused to bring any leading Republican into the Paris talks, and back home he rejected a Republican compromise that would have allowed the Senate to ratify the Versailles Treaty and join the League.
Wilson had intended to seek a third term in office but suffered a severe stroke in October 1919 that left him incapacitated. His wife and his physician controlled Wilson, and no significant decisions were made. Meanwhile, his policies alienated German- and Irish-American Democrats and the Republicans won a landslide in the 1920 presidential election. Scholars have generally ranked Wilson in the upper tier of U.S. presidents, although he has been criticized for supporting racial segregation. His liberalism nevertheless lives on as a major factor in American foreign policy, and his vision of ethnic self-determination resonated globally.
Thomas WoodrowWilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States...
WoodrowWilson's tenure as the 28th president of the United States lasted from March 4, 1913, until March 4, 1921. He was largely incapacitated the last...
Margaret WoodrowWilson (April 16, 1886 – February 12, 1944) was the eldest child of President WoodrowWilson and Ellen Louise Axson. Her two siblings...
Robert WoodrowWilson (born January 10, 1936) is an American astronomer who, along with Arno Allan Penzias, discovered cosmic microwave background radiation...
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The WoodrowWilson International Center for Scholars (WWICS) or Wilson Center is a Washington, D.C.-based think tank named for former U.S. President Woodrow...
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The WoodrowWilson Presidential Library and Museum is a complex located in Staunton, Virginia. It contains the President's birthplace, known as the Manse...
WoodrowWilson High School (colloquially known as Long Beach Wilson) is an American public high school located in Long Beach, California. This two-block...
WoodrowWilson (SSBN-624), a Lafayette class ballistic missile submarine, was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named for WoodrowWilson (1856–1924)...
California WoodrowWilson High School (Beckley, West Virginia) WoodrowWilson High School (Dallas, Texas) WoodrowWilson High School (Los Angeles) Woodrow Wilson...
wife of President WoodrowWilson. She married the widower Wilson in December 1915, during his first term as president. Edith Wilson played an influential...
The WoodrowWilson Monument (Czech: Pomník Woodrowa Wilsona), created by Czech-American sculptor Albin Polasek, is installed outside Praha hlavní nádraží...
Princeton School of Public and International Affairs (formerly the WoodrowWilson School of Public and International Affairs) is a professional public...
Jessie Woodrow Sayre (née Wilson; August 28, 1887 – January 15, 1933) was a daughter of US President WoodrowWilson and Ellen Louise Axson. She was a political...
WoodrowWilson Goode could refer to: WoodrowWilson Goode Sr. (born 1938), former mayor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania WoodrowWilson Goode Jr. (born 1965)...
Louise Axson. Wilson had two sisters, Margaret WoodrowWilson and Jessie WoodrowWilson Sayre. She was born on October 16, 1889, to WoodrowWilson and Ellen...
WoodrowWilson Smith may refer to: WoodrowWilson Smith, birthname of Lazarus Long, fictional character from R. A. Heinlein's books WoodrowWilson Smith...
WoodrowWilson House may refer to: WoodrowWilson Birthplace, Staunton, VA, listed on the NRHP in Virginia WoodrowWilson Boyhood Home, Augusta, GA, listed...
This bibliography of WoodrowWilson is a list of published works about WoodrowWilson, the 28th president of the United States. For a more comprehensive...
States from 1913 until her death in 1914, as the first wife of President WoodrowWilson. Like her husband, she was a Southerner, as well as the daughter of...
WoodrowWilson Woolwine Strode (July 25, 1914 – December 31, 1994) was an American actor, football player and author. He was a decathlete and football...
WoodrowWilson Rawls (September 24, 1913 – December 16, 1984) was an American writer best known for his books Where the Red Fern Grows and Summer of the...
WoodrowWilson Goode Sr. (born August 19, 1938) is a former Mayor of Philadelphia and the first African American to hold that office. He served from 1984...
war aims and peace terms to the United States Congress by President WoodrowWilson. However, his main Allied colleagues (Georges Clemenceau of France,...
The WoodrowWilson Foundation was an educational non-profit created in 1921, organized under the laws of New York, for the "perpetuation of Wilson's ideals"...