A woman working at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide Field Camp in 2012.
There may have been women in Antarctica, exploring the regions around Antarctica for many centuries. The most celebrated "first" for women was in 1935 when Caroline Mikkelsen became the first woman to set foot on one of Antarctica's islands.[1] Early male explorers, such as Richard Byrd, named areas of Antarctica after wives and female heads of state.[2] As Antarctica moved from a place of exploration and conquest to a scientific frontier, women worked to be included in the sciences. The first countries to have female scientists working in Antarctica were the Soviet Union, South Africa and Argentina.[3][4][5]
Besides exploring and working as scientists, women have also played supportive roles as wives, fund-raisers, publicists, historians, curators and administrators of organizations and services that support Antarctic operations.[6] Many early women on Antarctica were the wives of explorers.[7] Some women worked with Antarctica from afar, crafting policies for a place they had never seen.[2] Women who wished to have larger roles in Antarctica and on the continent itself had to "overcome gendered assumptions about the ice and surmount bureaucratic inertia".[8] As women began to break into fields in Antarctica, they found that it could be difficult to compete against men who already had the "expeditioner experience" needed for permanent science positions.[9] Women who were qualified for expeditions or jobs in Antarctica were less likely to be selected than men, even after a 1995 study by Jane Mocellin showed that women cope better than men with the Antarctic environment.[10]
^"Women in Antarctica: Sharing this Life-Changing Experience" Archived 10 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, transcript of speech by Robin Burns, given at the 4th Annual Phillip Law Lecture; Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; 18 June 2005. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
^ abDodds 2009, p. 506.
^Bogle, Ariel (11 August 2016). "New Wikipedia Project Champions Women Scientists in the Antarctic". Mashable. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
^"SANAE IV". Antarctic Legacy of South Africa. Retrieved 29 August 2016.
^"Women Scientists Antarctica Bound". Alamogordo Daily News. 24 January 1969. Retrieved 29 August 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
^Burns 2007, p. 1092.
^Burns 2001, p. 11.
^Dodds 2009, p. 508.
^Burns 2000, p. 167.
^Francis, Gavin (2012). Empire Antarctica: Ice, Silence, and Emperor Penguins. Berkeley, CA: Chatto & Windus. pp. 89, 255. ISBN 9781619021846.
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