6-pdr (2.72 kg) Wiard gun and carriage at the Arsenal (now Fort McNair), Washington, D.C.6-pdr (2.72 kg) Wiard gun with reproduction non-Wiard carriage at Stones River National Battlefield in Tennessee6-pdr (2.72 kg) Wiard gun and carriage. Production weapons lacked the cascabel and used a different elevating screw under the breech.[1]Proposed Wiard 20 in (510 mm) gun on a pivot carriage
The Wiard rifle refers to several weapons invented by Norman Wiard, most commonly a semi-steel light artillery piece in six-pounder and twelve-pounder calibers. About 60 were manufactured between 1861 and 1862 during the American Civil War, at O'Donnell's Foundry, New York City: "although apparently excellent weapons, [they] do not seem to have been very popular".[2] Wiard also designed a rifled steel version of the Dahlgren boat howitzer (a 12-pounder (5.44 kg) weapon with a 3.4 in (86 mm) bore), among other gun types.[1][3] Further, Wiard unsuccessfully attempted to develop a 15 in (381 mm) rifled gun for the US Navy and proposed a 20 in (510 mm) gun. In 1881 he unsuccessfully proposed various "combined rifle and smoothbore" weapon conversions of Rodman guns and Parrott rifles.[4]
Wiard described two calibers: a six-pounder (2.72 kg) rifle with a 2.6 in (66 mm) bore, and a twelve-pounder (5.44 kg) smoothbore weapon with a 3.67 in (93 mm) bore. All survivors are rifled, though this may have occurred long after manufacture; this was a common practice during the war.[5] Surviving Wiard guns vary considerably in manufacturing details and markings.[1] Documentation survives for orders of 45 6-pounder Wiards, six 12-pounder 3.67 in (93 mm) Wiards (though at least 13 survive), and 12 12-pounder 3.4 in (86 mm) Wiard rifled howitzers.[6]
^ abcRipley 1984, pp. 165-169
^Artillery Profile: 6 pdr. Wiard Rifle
^Olmstead 1997, pp. 177-178
^Olmstead 1997, pp. 144-146
^James C. Hazlett; Edwin Olmstead; M. Hume Parks (2004). Field Artillery Weapons of the Civil War, 2nd rev. ed. University of Illinois Press. pp. 165–168. ISBN 0-252-07210-3.
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