Social welfare, assistance for the ill or otherwise disabled and the old, has long been provided in Japan by both the government and private companies. Beginning in the 1920s, the Japanese government enacted a series of welfare programs, based mainly on European models, to provide medical care and financial support. During the post-war period, a comprehensive system of social security was gradually established.[1][2] Universal health insurance and a pension system were established in 1960.[3]
The futures of health and welfare systems in Japan are being shaped by the rapid aging of the population. The mixture of public and private funding has created complex pension and insurance systems, meshing with Japanese traditional calls for support within the family and by the local community for welfare recipients.
^Konosuke Odaka (2002). "The Evolution of Social Policy in Japan" (PDF). World Bank. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
^Worawan Chandoevwit (2007). "Social Security Systems in Japan: Lessons Learned for Thailand" (PDF). Japan Center for Economic Research. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
^Takahashi, Ryotaro (2024). "Tale of a Missed Opportunity: Japan's Delay in Implementing a Value-Added Tax". Social Science History. doi:10.1017/ssh.2024.1. ISSN 0145-5532.
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