Water privatization in France, in the form of public–private partnerships, goes back to the mid-19th century when cities signed concessions with private water companies for the supply of drinking water. As of 2010, according to the Ministry of Environment 75% of water and 50% of sanitation services in France are provided by the private sector, primarily by two firms, Veolia Water and Suez Environnement.[1] In 1993 the Loi Sapin strengthened competition in the sector by limiting the duration of contracts to 20 years, among others. In 2010 the lease contracts for Paris with Suez Environnement and Veolia Water expired and the water system returned to public management.[2][3]
^Ministry of Environment: Water management models quotes even higher figures: 75% for water and 50% for sanitation Archived December 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
^Remunicipalization Paris
^Municipality of Paris:L'eau remunicipalisée depuis le 1er janvier, 27 January 2010
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