The Eight Hosts of Deva, Naga, and Yakshi, Ming dynasty
Ghostly Realm, Qing dynasty
The Water and Land Ritual paintings (水陆画) are a style of traditional Chinese painting based on religious or Chinese mythological subjects. The paintings are mainly intricate portraits of deities, historical figures, and the contrasting lives of common people and tragedies, in an ornate style with rich use of vivid colors and patterns. The paintings can encompass a wide range of mediums, including scroll-painting, murals, and even sculptures.[1][2]
Despite their often mythological subject matter, the parts of the Water and Land paintings that are dedicated to commoners show a realistic, often downtrodden and tragic view of their everyday lives, as part of the ritual to reflect on the suffering of the deceased.[1] The paintings preserve the intricacies of their respective eras' fashions and give a greater view of their cultural and spiritual landscape. The visual similarities in the portraits between the divine figures and traditional Chinese opera costumes also illuminate the mutual inspiration between the two art forms.[2]
The history of Water and Land Ritual painting can be traced back to the Three Kingdoms period, with other early mentions during the late Tang dynasty,[3] and became popular during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties as a part of the Buddhist Liberation Rite of Water and Land to appease and enshrine spirits of the deceased. While the painting style has its origins in Buddhist ritual, the paintings also include Taoist and Ruist figures as reflections of local folk-religious culture.[1][2]
Many of the best-preserved paintings are from the Ming and Qing dynasties, particularly in Shanxi and Hebei.[3]
^ abc北京文物鉴赏编委会 (2005). 明清水陆画 Paintings for water-and-land service of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Beijing Art Photography Publishing. ISBN 9787805012896.
WaterandLandRitualpaintings (水陆画) are a style of traditional Chinese painting based on religious or Chinese mythological subjects. The paintings are...
– The Battle of San Romano (triptych completed by c.1455) WaterandLandRitualpaintings (Chinese Ming dynasty, 1454) Rogier van der Weyden – The Braque...
perfections – integration of calligraphy, poetry andpaintingWaterandLandRitualpaintings Wǔ Xíng painting List of Chinese painters List of Chinese women...
The simple pictorial language of Warli painting is matched by a rudimentary technique. The ritualpaintings are usually created on the inside walls of...
China and surrounding areas. Other material can be gleaned from examining various other artifacts such as Chinese ritual bronzes, ceramics, paintings, silk...
Water and LandRitualpainting Capon and Pang, pg 16. Capon and Pang, pg 90 Capon and Pang, pg 91 Edmund Capon and Mae Anna Pang, Chinese Paintings of the...
(春神, "Spring God"), and as Jùmáng (句芒). Shānshén (山神, "Mountain God") Shuǐshén (水神, "Water God") Tudishen (土地神, "God of the Local Land"), also Tǔshén (土神...
Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions), Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, and elsewhere in the Chinese diaspora, is dedicated to performing rituals to...
prayers or offerings were necessary to placate them. Sometimes the placatory rituals would be performed by an entire community. An alternative to offerings...
Rituals are characterized, but not defined, by formalism, traditionalism, invariance, rule-governance, sacral symbolism, and performance. Rituals are...
Buddhists in the People's Republic of China Timeline of Buddhism WaterandLandRitualpaintings Zhiyuan fabao kantong zong lu, a translation catalog Jiang...
bodies of water, and the dispenser of rain, in rituals practiced into the modern era in China. One of his epithets is Dragon King of Wells and Springs....
with the five powers and yin and yang. Chinese religions have a variety of sources, local forms, founder backgrounds, andritualand philosophical traditions...
patronage and utilized for the purposes of state-sponsored ceremonies and funerary rituals. These paintings reflect not only the beliefs, but the taste and refine...
and the ruling class, Taoism was the worldview of the radical intellectuals and it was also compatible with the spiritual beliefs of the peasants and...
background for the wall paintings. The Warli use only white for their paintings. Their white pigment is a mixture of rice paste andwater with gum as a binding...
Conquer and Govern: Early Chinese Military Texts from the Yi Zhou shu. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. Kern, Martin (2001). "Ritual, Text, and the...
the middle of Heaven and assists the Jade Emperor in administrative duties of Heaven and Earth; Sun and Moon; four seasons and weather. He commands all...
Spirits and the Supernatural Ming Dynasty WaterandLandRitualpainting of Xiwangmu with Jiutian, an Houtu from Baoning Temple. Chinese painting of Xiwangmu...
was consented to and produced in the fertility caves. San rock paintings are found in the walls of the sacred caves. These paintings show that communities...
support for paintings includes such surfaces as walls, paper, canvas, wood, glass, lacquer, pottery, leaf, copper and concrete, and the painting may incorporate...
depicting common life. WaterandLandRitualpainting of Canshen and the Five Demons of Pestilence, Baoning Temple, Ming dynasty Magnolia and Erect Rock (玉堂柱石圖)...
The Liberation Rite of WaterandLand (Chinese: 法界聖凡水陸普度大齋勝會; pinyin: Fǎjiè Shèng Fán Shuǐlù Pǔdù Dàzhāi Shèng Huì), also known as Shuilu Fa Hui (水陸法會)...
OCLC 1225977015. Feng, Ge (2015). Zhengming Du (ed.). Traditional Chinese rites andrituals. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-4438-8783-0...
the spirits and send them back to where they came from. Suryukjae (수륙재) is a ritual to guide all of the spirits from both landandwater to the next world...
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