A HSS Engineering TWS 295 electronic sirens warning Civil Defense siren.There are 8,200 alarm sirens for civil protection throughout Switzerland. They are tested once a year, on the first Wednesday in February.[1]Sound sampleⓘWarning light indicating danger of laser exposure
Warning system is any system of biological or technical nature deployed by an individual or group to inform of a future danger. Its purpose is to enable the deployer of the warning system to prepare for the danger and act accordingly to mitigate or avoid it.
Warnings cannot be effective unless people react to them. People are more likely to ignore a system that regularly produces false warnings (the cry-wolf effect), but reducing the number of false warnings generally also increases the risk of not giving a warning when it is needed.[2] Some warnings are non-specific: for instance, the probability of an earthquake of a certain magnitude in a certain area over the next decade. Such warnings cannot be used to guide short-term precautions such as evacuation. Opportunities to take long-term precautions, such as better building codes and disaster preparedness, may be ignored.[3][better source needed]
Early warning siren for earthquakes and floods
^Testing sirens, Swiss Federal Office for Civil Protection (page visited on 7 September 2013).
^Sättele, Martina; Bründl, Michael; Straub, Daniel (October 2015). "Reliability and effectiveness of early warning systems for natural hazards: Concept and application to debris flow warning" (PDF). Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 142: 192–202. doi:10.1016/j.ress.2015.05.003. ISSN 0951-8320. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-02-07. Retrieved 2018-02-07.
^"Attempts to predict earthquakes may do more harm than good | Professor David Petley". TheGuardian.com. 30 May 2012.
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