For the sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle, see Muscle spindle.
Von Economo neuron
Cartoon of a normal pyramidal cell (left) compared with a von Economo cell (right)
Details
Location
Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and Fronto-insular cortex (FI)
Shape
Unique spindle-shaped projection neuron
Function
Global firing rate regulation and regulation of emotional state
Presynaptic connections
Local input to ACC and FI
Postsynaptic connections
Frontal and temporal cortex
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
Micrograph showing a von Economo neuron of the cingulate. HE-LFB stain.
Von Economo neurons, also called spindle neurons, are a specific class of mammalian cortical neurons characterized by a large spindle-shaped soma (or body) gradually tapering into a single apical axon (the ramification that transmits signals) in one direction, with only a single dendrite (the ramification that receives signals) facing opposite. Other cortical neurons tend to have many dendrites, and the bipolar-shaped morphology of von Economo neurons is unique here.
Von Economo neurons are found in two very restricted regions in the brains of hominids (humans and other great apes): the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the fronto-insular cortex (FI) (which each make up the salience network). In 2008, they were also found in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of humans.[1] Von Economo neurons are also found in the brains of a number of cetaceans,[2][3][4] African and Asian elephants,[5] and to a lesser extent in macaque monkeys[6] and raccoons.[7] The appearance of von Economo neurons in distantly related clades suggests that they represent convergent evolution – specifically, as an adaptation to accommodate the increasing size of these distantly-related animals' brains.
Von Economo neurons were discovered and first described in 1925 by Austrian psychiatrist and neurologist Constantin von Economo (1876–1931).[8][9]
^Fajardo; Escobar, M.I.; Buriticá, E.; Arteaga, G.; Umbarila, J.; Casanova, M.F.; Pimienta, H.; et al. (4 March 2008). "Von Economo neurons are present in the dorsolateral (dysgranular) prefrontal cortex of humans". Neuroscience Letters. 435 (3): 215–218. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.02.048. PMID 18355958. S2CID 8454354.
^Coghlan, A. (27 November 2006). "Whales boast the brain cells that 'make us human'". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 16 April 2008.
^Hof PR, Van der Gucht E (January 2007). "Structure of the cerebral cortex of the humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae (Cetacea, Mysticeti, Balaenopteridae)". Anatomical Record. 290 (1): 1–31. doi:10.1002/ar.20407. PMID 17441195.
^Butti C, Sherwood CC, Hakeem AY, Allman JM, Hof PR (July 2009). "Total number and volume of Von Economo neurons in the cerebral cortex of cetaceans". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 515 (2): 243–259. doi:10.1002/cne.22055. PMID 19412956. S2CID 6876656.
^Hakeem, A. Y.; Sherwood, C. C.; Bonar, C. J.; Butti, C.; Hof, P. R.; Allman, J. M. (2009). "Von Economo neurons in the elephant brain". The Anatomical Record. 292 (2): 242–248. doi:10.1002/ar.20829. PMID 19089889.
^Evrard HC, Forro T, Logothetis NK (May 2012). "Von Economo neurons in the anterior insula of the macaque monkey". Neuron. 74 (3): 482–489. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.003. PMID 22578500.
^Lambert KG, Bardi M, Landis T, Hyer MM, Rzucidlo A, Gehrt S, Anchor C, Jardim Messeder D, Herculano-Houzel S (2014). "Behind the Mask: Neurobiological indicants of emotional resilience and cognitive function in wild raccoons (Procyon lotor)". Society for Neuroscience.
^von Economo, C., & Koskinas, G. N. (1929). The cytoarchitectonics of the human cerebral cortex. London: Oxford University Press
^Triarhou, LC (2006). "The signalling contributions of Constantin von Economo to basic, clinical and evolutionary neuroscience". Brain Research Bulletin. 69 (3): 223–43. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.02.001. PMID 16564418. S2CID 21477302.
and 29 Related for: Von Economo neuron information
VonEconomoneurons, also called spindle neurons, are a specific class of mammalian cortical neurons characterized by a large spindle-shaped soma (or body)...
Constantin Freiherr vonEconomo (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Οικονόμου; 21 August 1876 – 21 October 1931) was an Austrian psychiatrist and neurologist of Romanian...
the nerve process which is issuing from the cell. VonEconomoneurons, also known as spindle neurons, found in a few select parts of the cerebral cortex...
is also distinguished by distinct cellular components, including vonEconomoneurons in the AI/dACC. Cortico-striatal-thalamic loop circuits contribute...
Jones, T. K.; Allman, J. M. (2006). "Dendritic architecture of the VonEconomoneurons". Neuroscience. 141 (3): 1107–1112. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006...
Jones, T. K.; Allman, J. M. (2006). "Dendritic architecture of the VonEconomoneurons". Neuroscience. 141 (3): 1107–1112. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006...
1017/S0962728600026634. S2CID 56915273. Fajardo, C.; et al. (4 March 2008). "VonEconomoneurons are present in the dorsolateral (dysgranular) prefrontal cortex of...
Southern Sweden Ven, Tajikistan, a town VEN or Venezuela vonEconomoneurons, also called spindle neurons Vên, an EP by Eluveitie Ven (currency), the virtual...
Jones, T. K.; Allman, J. M. (2006). "Dendritic architecture of the VonEconomoneurons". Neuroscience. 141 (3): 1107–1112. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006...
developed neocortex, a folding of the cerebral cortex, and vonEconomoneurons. Said neurons are linked to social intelligence and the ability to gauge...
disorder was never identified, the psychiatrist and neurologist Constantin vonEconomo decided to study this disease and identified a key component in the sleep-wake...
researchers reported the first electrical recordings from human vonEconomoneurons. The Allen Institute for Brain Science is part of the MICrONS program...
the ACC is unique in its abundance of specialized neurons called spindle cells, or vonEconomoneurons. These cells are a relatively recent occurrence in...
Jones, T. K.; Allman, J. M. (2006). "Dendritic architecture of the VonEconomoneurons". Neuroscience. 141 (3): 1107–1112. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006...
of neurons - large spindle-shaped cells - unique to humans and our closest relatives, the great apes. The spindle neurons, now called the VonEconomo neurons...
Jones, T. K.; Allman, J. M. (2006). "Dendritic architecture of the VonEconomoneurons". Neuroscience. 141 (3): 1107–1112. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006...
similar, but more detailed cortical map was published by Constantin vonEconomo and Georg N. Koskinas in 1925. Brodmann areas have been discussed, debated...
anterior insular cortex contains a population of spindle neurons (also called vonEconomoneurons), identified as characterising a distinctive subregion...
performed by another. Spindle neuron – also called vonEconomoneurons (VENs), are a specific class of neurons that are characterized by a large spindle-shaped...
Economo, C. von, Koskinas, G.N. (1925) Die Cytoarchitektonik der Hirnrinde des erwachsenen Menschen. Julius Springer, Vienna. Economo, C. von, Koskinas...
corresponds to areas 24, 32 and 33 of Brodmann and LA of Constantin vonEconomo and Bailey and von Bonin. It is continued anteriorly by the subgenual area (Brodmann...
Prize in Physiology or Medicine - 1963. Constantin vonEconomo 1876–1931 Austria vonEconomoneurons Gerald Edelman 1929–2014 United States Ludwig Edinger...
describe the cases of encephalitis lethargica and on occasion the name "Economo-Flatau disease" was used to identify this disease in Polish medical literature...
Global Information
