Vlado Chernozemski information

Vlado Chernozemski
Vlado Chernozemski
Владо Черноземски
Born	Velichko Dimitrov Kerin; 19 October 1897; Kamenitsa, Bulgaria
Died	9 October 1934 (aged 36); Marseille, France
Occupation(s)	Assassin, revolutionary
Years active	1922–1934
Organization	Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
Known for	Assassinations of: Alexander I of Yugoslavia (1934); Naum Tomalevski (1930); Dimo Hadzhidimov (1924);

Vlado Chernozemski (Bulgarian: Владо Черноземски; born Velichko Dimitrov Kerin, Bulgarian: Величко Димитров Керин; 19 October 1897 – 9 October 1934), was a Bulgarian^[1] revolutionary and assassin. Also known as "Vlado the Chauffeur", Chernozemski is considered a hero in Bulgaria today.^[2] The official historiography in North Macedonia regards him as a controversial Bulgarian.^[3]^[4]

Chernozemski began his revolutionary activities in 1922 when he joined the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). Soon after, he became an assassin for the IMRO. He killed two notable Bulgarian politicians, communist Dimo Hadzhidimov, and IMRO member Naum Tomalevski. Both times he was sentenced to death, but he escaped from his first imprisonment and was released from the second. After his release in 1932, he became an instructor for the Ustaše. He trained a group of three Ustaše to assassinate Alexander of Yugoslavia, but eventually killed Alexander himself on 9 October 1934 in Marseille. He was then beaten by French police and spectators, and died the same day. French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou was also killed by a stray bullet fired by French police during the scuffle following the attack.^[5]

Croat and Macedonian circles celebrated his act. For murdering King Alexander I, Chernozemski was posthumously declared the most dangerous terrorist in Europe.^[6]^[7]

^
- Istoricheski pregled, Books 1-6, Bŭlgarsko istorichesko druzhestvo, Institut za istoria (Bŭlgarska akademia na naukite), 1987, str. 49.
- Stefan Troebst,"Historical Politics and Historical “Masterpieces” in Macedonia before and after 1991 Archived 2004-01-10 at the Wayback Machine", New Balkan Politics, Issue 6, 2003: "... the suicide-assassin from VMRO, Vlado Cernozemski, who, on orders from Mihajlov and his ethno-national VMRO, which was defined as Bulgarian, killed the Yugoslav king Alexander I Karadzordzevic and the French Minister of Foreign Affairs Louis Bareau in Marseilles in 1934."
- The national question in Yugoslavia: origins, history, politics, Cornell Paperbacks: Slavic studies, history, political science, Ivo Banac, Cornell University Press, 1988, ISBN 0-8014-9493-1, p. 326.
- Crown of thorns, Author Stéphane Groueff, Publisher Madison Books, 1987, p. 224.
- Violette Nozière: a story of murder in 1930s Paris, Author Sarah C. Maza, Publisher University of California Press, 2011, ISBN 0-520-26070-8, p. 230.
- Shadows on the Mountain: The Allies, the Resistance, and the Rivalries That Doomed WWII Yugoslavia, Marcia Kurapovna, John Wiley and Sons, 2009, ISBN 0-470-08456-1, p. 157.
- Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto, 1900-1996, Nationalisms Across the Globe, Author Chris Kostov, Publisher Peter Lang, 2010 , SBN 3034301960, p. 139.
- Croatian Radical Separatism and Diaspora Terrorism During the Cold War, Mate Nikola Tokić, Purdue University Press, 2020, ISBN 9781557538925, p. 46.
- The Oxford Handbook of the History of Terrorism, Carola Dietze and Claudia Verhoeven, Oxford University Press, 2022, ISBN 9780199858569, p. 544.
^ Izvestia na Natsionalnia istoricheski muzeĭ, Tomove 16–19, Natsionalen istoricheski muzeĭ, Izdatelstvo Nauka i izkustvo, 2006, str. 129.
^ Владимир Георгиев-Черноземски или вистинското име Величко Димитров-Керин (с.Каменица, Велинградско, Бугарија, 19 октомври 1897г.), учесник во македонското револуционерно движење, по националност Бугарин; во 1922 година се вклучил во редовите на ВМРО и бил четник кај војводите Иван Јанев-Брло и Панчо Михајлов; во времето на Иван Михајлов извршил голем број на атентати врз македонски дејци, а во 1932 година бил испратен од страна на ВМРО во логорот "Јанка Пуста" во Унгарија, како инструктор на хрватските усташи. For more see: Виолета Ачкоска и Никола Жежов, "Предавствата и атентатите во македонската историја". Издателство Макавеј, Скопје, 2003, стр. 221.
^ Makedonska enciklopedija: M-Š (in Macedonian), MANU, 2009, ISBN 9786082030241, p. 1621.
^ de Launay, Jacques (1974). Les grandes controverses de l'histoire contemporaine 1914-1945. Edito-Service Histoire Secrete de Notre Temps. p. 568.
^ Гаджев, Иван (2003). История на българската емиграция в Северна Америка: поглед отвърте (in Bulgarian). Илия Т. Гаджев. p. 259.
^ Панайотов, Филип (1999). България 20-ти век. Алманах (in Bulgarian). ИК Труд. p. 1127.

[1] 
Istoricheski pregled, Books 1-6, Bŭlgarsko istorichesko druzhestvo, Institut za istoria (Bŭlgarska akademia na naukite), 1987, str. 49.

Stefan Troebst,"Historical Politics and Historical “Masterpieces” in Macedonia before and after 1991 Archived 2004-01-10 at the Wayback Machine", New Balkan Politics, Issue 6, 2003: "... the suicide-assassin from VMRO, Vlado Cernozemski, who, on orders from Mihajlov and his ethno-national VMRO, which was defined as Bulgarian, killed the Yugoslav king Alexander I Karadzordzevic and the French Minister of Foreign Affairs Louis Bareau in Marseilles in 1934."

The national question in Yugoslavia: origins, history, politics, Cornell Paperbacks: Slavic studies, history, political science, Ivo Banac, Cornell University Press, 1988, ISBN 0-8014-9493-1, p. 326.

Crown of thorns, Author Stéphane Groueff, Publisher Madison Books, 1987, p. 224.

Violette Nozière: a story of murder in 1930s Paris, Author Sarah C. Maza, Publisher University of California Press, 2011, ISBN 0-520-26070-8, p. 230.

Shadows on the Mountain: The Allies, the Resistance, and the Rivalries That Doomed WWII Yugoslavia, Marcia Kurapovna, John Wiley and Sons, 2009, ISBN 0-470-08456-1, p. 157.

Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto, 1900-1996, Nationalisms Across the Globe, Author Chris Kostov, Publisher Peter Lang, 2010 , SBN 3034301960, p. 139.

Croatian Radical Separatism and Diaspora Terrorism During the Cold War, Mate Nikola Tokić, Purdue University Press, 2020, ISBN 9781557538925, p. 46.

The Oxford Handbook of the History of Terrorism, Carola Dietze and Claudia Verhoeven, Oxford University Press, 2022, ISBN 9780199858569, p. 544.

[2] Istoricheski pregled, Books 1-6, Bŭlgarsko istorichesko druzhestvo, Institut za istoria (Bŭlgarska akademia na naukite), 1987, str. 49.

[3] Stefan Troebst,"Historical Politics and Historical “Masterpieces” in Macedonia before and after 1991 Archived 2004-01-10 at the Wayback Machine", New Balkan Politics, Issue 6, 2003: "... the suicide-assassin from VMRO, Vlado Cernozemski, who, on orders from Mihajlov and his ethno-national VMRO, which was defined as Bulgarian, killed the Yugoslav king Alexander I Karadzordzevic and the French Minister of Foreign Affairs Louis Bareau in Marseilles in 1934."

[4] The national question in Yugoslavia: origins, history, politics, Cornell Paperbacks: Slavic studies, history, political science, Ivo Banac, Cornell University Press, 1988, ISBN 0-8014-9493-1, p. 326.

[5] Crown of thorns, Author Stéphane Groueff, Publisher Madison Books, 1987, p. 224.

[6] Violette Nozière: a story of murder in 1930s Paris, Author Sarah C. Maza, Publisher University of California Press, 2011, ISBN 0-520-26070-8, p. 230.

[7] Shadows on the Mountain: The Allies, the Resistance, and the Rivalries That Doomed WWII Yugoslavia, Marcia Kurapovna, John Wiley and Sons, 2009, ISBN 0-470-08456-1, p. 157.

[8] Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto, 1900-1996, Nationalisms Across the Globe, Author Chris Kostov, Publisher Peter Lang, 2010 , SBN 3034301960, p. 139.

[9] Croatian Radical Separatism and Diaspora Terrorism During the Cold War, Mate Nikola Tokić, Purdue University Press, 2020, ISBN 9781557538925, p. 46.

[10] The Oxford Handbook of the History of Terrorism, Carola Dietze and Claudia Verhoeven, Oxford University Press, 2022, ISBN 9780199858569, p. 544.

[2] Izvestia na Natsionalnia istoricheski muzeĭ, Tomove 16–19, Natsionalen istoricheski muzeĭ, Izdatelstvo Nauka i izkustvo, 2006, str. 129.

[3] Владимир Георгиев-Черноземски или вистинското име Величко Димитров-Керин (с.Каменица, Велинградско, Бугарија, 19 октомври 1897г.), учесник во македонското револуционерно движење, по националност Бугарин; во 1922 година се вклучил во редовите на ВМРО и бил четник кај војводите Иван Јанев-Брло и Панчо Михајлов; во времето на Иван Михајлов извршил голем број на атентати врз македонски дејци, а во 1932 година бил испратен од страна на ВМРО во логорот "Јанка Пуста" во Унгарија, како инструктор на хрватските усташи. For more see: Виолета Ачкоска и Никола Жежов, "Предавствата и атентатите во македонската историја". Издателство Макавеј, Скопје, 2003, стр. 221.

[4] Makedonska enciklopedija: M-Š (in Macedonian), MANU, 2009, ISBN 9786082030241, p. 1621.

[delaunay-5] Launay, Jacques (1974). Les grandes controverses de l'histoire contemporaine 1914-1945. Edito-Service Histoire Secrete de Notre Temps. p. 568.

[6] Гаджев, Иван (2003). История на българската емиграция в Северна Америка: поглед отвърте (in Bulgarian). Илия Т. Гаджев. p. 259.

[7] Панайотов, Филип (1999). България 20-ти век. Алманах (in Bulgarian). ИК Труд. p. 1127.

Vlado Chernozemski information

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Vlado Chernozemski

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Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization

Prince Paul of Yugoslavia

Bulgarian National Alliance

List of assassinated and executed heads of state and government

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Eastern Pact

History of Marseille

1930s

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Louis Barthou

Vlado Chernozemski
Владо Черноземски

Born	Velichko Dimitrov Kerin (1897-10-19)19 October 1897 Kamenitsa, Bulgaria
Died	9 October 1934(1934-10-09) (aged 36) Marseille, France
Occupation(s)	Assassin, revolutionary
Years active	1922–1934
Organization	Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
Known for	Assassinations of: Alexander I of Yugoslavia (1934) Naum Tomalevski (1930) Dimo Hadzhidimov (1924)