Global InformationVipeholm experiments information
The Vipeholm experiments or Vipeholm Study (Swedish: Vipeholmsexperimenten) were a series of human experiments where patients of Vipeholm Hospital for the intellectually disabled in Lund, Sweden, were fed large amounts of sweets, including "extra sticky toffee"[clarification needed] to provoke dental caries (1945–1955). The experiments were sponsored both by the sugar industry and the dentist community, in an effort to determine whether carbohydrates affected the formation of cavities.
The experiments provided extensive knowledge about dental health and resulted in enough empirical data to link the intake of sugar to dental caries.[1] However, today they are considered to have violated multiple principles of medical ethics.[2][3]
- ^ Gustafsson, BE; Quensel, CE; Lanke, LS; Lundqvist, C; Grahnen, H; Bonow, BE; Krasse, B (1954). "The Vipeholm dental caries study; the effect of different levels of carbohydrate intake on caries activity in 436 individuals observed for five years". Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 11 (3–4): 232–64. doi:10.3109/00016355308993925. PMID 13196991.
- ^ Krasse, Bo (September 2009). "The Vipeholm Dental Caries Study: Recollections and Reflections 50 Years Later". Journal of Dental Research. 80 (9): 1785–1788. doi:10.1177/00220345010800090201. ISSN 0022-0345. PMID 11926233. S2CID 6314797.
- ^ Ismail, Amid I.; Hasson, Hana; Sohn, Woosung (October 2001). "Dental Caries in the Second Millennium". Journal of Dental Education. 65 (10): 953–959. doi:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2001.65.10.tb03469.x. ISSN 0022-0337. PMID 11699996. S2CID 28149968.