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Medical condition
Vesicoureteral reflux
Ultrasound image showing abnormal vesicoureteral junction and dilated distal ureter resulting in primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
Specialty
Urology
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), also known as vesicoureteric reflux, is a condition in which urine flows retrograde, or backward, from the bladder into one or both ureters and then to the renal calyx or kidneys.[1][2] Urine normally travels in one direction (forward, or anterograde) from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters, with a one-way valve at the vesicoureteral (ureteral-bladder) junction preventing backflow. The valve is formed by oblique tunneling of the distal ureter through the wall of the bladder, creating a short length of ureter (1–2 cm) that can be compressed as the bladder fills. Reflux occurs if the ureter enters the bladder without sufficient tunneling, i.e., too "end-on".
^Williams, Gabrielle; Fletcher, Jeffery T.; Alexander, Stephen I.; Craig, Jonathan C. (2008-05-01). "Vesicoureteral Reflux". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 19 (5): 847–862. doi:10.1681/ASN.2007020245. ISSN 1046-6673. PMID 18322164.
^Miyakita, Hideshi; Hayashi, Yutaro; Mitsui, Takahiko; Okawada, Manabu; Kinoshita, Yoshiaki; Kimata, Takahisa; Koikawa, Yasuhiro; Sakai, Kiyohide; Satoh, Hiroyuki; Tokunaga, Masatoshi; Naitoh, Yasuyuki (2020-04-01). "Guidelines for the medical management of pediatric vesicoureteral reflux". International Journal of Urology. 27 (6): 480–490. doi:10.1111/iju.14223. ISSN 1442-2042. PMC 7318347. PMID 32239562.
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