Not to be confused with Vallum or Velum (disambiguation).
For other uses, see Vellum (disambiguation).
Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. It is often distinguished from parchment, either by being made from calfskin (rather than the skin of other animals),[1] or simply by being of a higher quality.[2] Vellum is prepared for writing and printing on single pages, scrolls, and codices (books).
Modern scholars and experts often prefer to use the broader term "membrane", which avoids the need to draw a distinction between vellum and parchment.[2][3]: 9–10 It may be very hard to determine the animal species involved (let alone its age) without detailed scientific analysis.[4]
Vellum is generally smooth and durable, but there are great variations in its texture which are affected by the way it is made and the quality of the skin. The making involves the cleaning, bleaching, stretching on a frame (a "herse"), and scraping of the skin with a crescent-shaped knife (a "lunarium" or "lunellum"). To create tension, the process goes back and forth between scraping, wetting and drying. Scratching the surface with pumice, and treating with lime or chalk to make it suitable for writing or printing ink can create a final look.[1]
Modern "paper vellum" is made of synthetic plant material, and gets its name from its similar usage and high quality. It is used for a variety of purposes including tracing, technical drawings, plans and blueprints.[5][6][7]
^ ab"Differences between Parchment, Vellum and Paper". archives.gov. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
^ abStokes, Roy Bishop; Esdaile, Arundell James Kennedy (2001). Almagno, Stephen R. (ed.). Esdaile's manual of bibliography (6 ed.). Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-8108-3922-9.
^Clemens, Raymond; Graham, Timothy (2007). Introduction to Manuscript Studies. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-3863-9.
^Cains, Anthony (1994). "The surface examination of skin: a binder's note on the identification of animal species used in the making of parchment". In O'Mahony, Felicity (ed.). The Book of Kells: proceedings of a conference at Trinity College Dublin, 6–9 September 1992. Aldershot: Scolar Press. pp. 172–4. ISBN 0-85967-967-5.
^Hepler, Wallach & Hepler 2012, pp. 60–61.
^"Japanese vellum - CAMEO". cameo.mfa.org. Archived from the original on 2017-09-03. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
^"How Modern Day Vellum Stationery Is Produced". The Note Pad | Stationery & Party Etiquette Blog by American Stationery. 2011-07-04. Archived from the original on 2017-09-03. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. It is often distinguished from parchment, either by being made from calfskin...
Ippadai Vellum (transl. This Army Shall Win) is a 2017 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film written and directed by Gaurav Narayanan, starring Udhayanidhi...
Rahul R. Vellal (/rɑːhʊlvɛllɑːl/) is a singer and musician from Bengaluru, India. He started learning Carnatic Music at the age of 4. He is known for playing...
and goats. It has been used as a writing medium for over two millennia. Vellum is a finer quality parchment made from the skins of young animals such as...
Kalam Vellum (/kɑːləm vɛllum/ transl. Time Will Win) is a 1970 Indian Tamil-language Western film produced, filmed and directed by M. Karnan. The film...
Vaimaye Vellum (transl. Truth alone triumphs) is a 1997 Indian Tamil-language crime film directed by P. Vasu. The film stars Parthiban and Rachna Banerjee...
leather, vellum, or (rarely) paper sides. When the sides of the book are made of vellum, the bookbinding method is also known as limp vellum. The cover...
Dharmam Vellum (transl. Justice triumphs) is a 1989 Indian Tamil-language action thriller film produced and directed by K. Rangaraj. The film stars Vijayakanth...
Purple parchment or purple vellum refers to parchment dyed purple; codex purpureus refers to manuscripts written entirely or mostly on such parchment....
The frenulum veli, or frenulum of superior medullary velum, also known as the frenulum veli medullaris superioris, cerebellar frenulum, or frenulum cerebelli...
Vellum Thiramai (வெல்லும் திறமை) is a 2022 Indian-Tamil-language reality television show aired on Colors Tamil, Based on Hindi-language Colors TV's show...
copies were printed, with about three-quarters on paper and the others on vellum. In a legal paper, written after completion of the Bible, Johannes Gutenberg...
January 2016. "Ippadai Vellum Movie Review : Entertaining to an extent" – via The Economic Times - The Times of India. "Ippadai Vellum (aka) Ippadai Velum...
in Latin) or books (codex, plural codices). Manuscripts were produced on vellum and other parchment, on papyrus, and on paper. In Indian Subcontinent and...
letters. This saved on the expense of the scribe's labor and the cost of vellum and ink. Medieval European charters written in Latin are largely made up...
support for drawing is paper, although other materials, such as cardboard, vellum, wood, plastic, leather, canvas, and board, have been used. Temporary drawings...
Prayerbook, a Book of Hours, Use of Rome, in Latin, Illuminated Manuscript on Vellum". Christies. Retrieved 5 October 2019. "Einstein-Besso Manuscript on General...
Portrait of a Young Fiancée, is a portrait in coloured chalks and ink, on vellum, of a young lady in fashionable costume and hairstyle of a Milanese of the...
manuscript. Weighing 74.8 kg (165 lb), Codex Gigas is composed of 310 leaves of vellum claimed to be made from the skins of 160 donkeys, or perhaps calfskin, covering...
The process for a vellum chart creation used to be as follows: They prepared a vellum of good size, or several pieces of vellum glued together. They...
a wall (fresco) or on vellum (used for miniatures in illuminated manuscripts). Wood panels were also used for mounting vellum paintings. Panel painting...
Ezhil, followed by Podhuvaga Emmanasu Thangam and action thriller, Ippadai Vellum. Stalin has delivered a decent performance with his share of subtleness...
parchment until the 2nd century BCE, when a more refined material called vellum, made from stretched calf skin, was supposedly introduced by King Eumenes...
Glass Human body Metal Paper Papyrus Parchment Plaster Scratchboard Stone Vellum Wood Brush Finger Pen Ballpoint pen Eraser Erasing shield Fountain pen Gel...