Veitel Heine Ephraim (1703 – 16 May 1775) was a jeweller, silk entrepreneur, mint master, and the chairman of the Jewish congregation in Berlin/Prussia.[1] During the Seven Years' War, Frederick the Great devalued the Prussian coin five times in order to finance the war; debased coins were produced with the help from Ephraim and Daniel Itzig, and spread outside Prussia: in Saxony, Poland, and Kurland.[2][3][4] Ephraim and his companion Itzig became infamous for adding copper, up to 70%, so as to debase the coins, which became known as Ephraimiten. Heinrich Carl von Schimmelmann, Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky, and Leendert Pieter de Neufville also cooperated in the debasement policy. The king's coinage policy became a key element of war financing.[5]
^H.B. van der Linden (2013) Veitel Heine Ephraim. Hofjude Friedrichs II. p. 15
^The Berlin Jewish Community: Enlightenment, Family and Crisis, 1770-1830 by Steven M. Lowenstein, p. 26
^Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600-1947 by Christopher Clark
^How Jews Became Germans: The History of Conversion and Assimilation in Berlin by Deborah Hertz
^Special exhibit. "A Prussian king and his money" (PDF). Deutsche Bundesbank. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
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wife Rösel. Through her mother, Sara was the great-granddaughter of VeitelHeineEphraim, who served Friedrich the Great as a "Münzjude" or mint master. She...
operation profitable. On 2 September, he arranged silver a contract with VeitelHeineEphraim. In 1753, he introduced the nominal "Achtgutegroschen", which was...
(Schutzjuden), bank ownership, the minting activities by the court Jews VeitelHeineEphraim and Daniel Itzig and their trade in silver and debased coins during...
Frederick obliged Veitel-HeineEphraim and Daniel Itzig under the absolute condition to support Gotzkowsky with 400,000 thaler. Ephraim and Itzig refused...
except for the court chapel – were exploited by the Berlin court Jews Veitel-HeineEphraim and Daniel Itzig. The palace is famous for the Peace Treaty of Hubertusburg...
of Joshua, by the same editor (published with the Blätter aus der Veitel-Heine-Ephraim Lehranstalt, Berlin, 1862); Book of Judges (extracts), published...
August III.) In April Frederick the Great ordered him to contact VeitelHeineEphraim and Daniel Itzig and deliver silver to the two mint masters who were...
Professor Yehuda Aschkenasy with the holdings of the Jewish School of VeitelHeineEphraim in Berlin containing source documents from the most important areas...
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