In Alberni-Clayoquot Regional District, British Columbia, Canada
Conservation status
Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Critically Imperiled (NatureServe)[2]
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Rodentia
Family:
Sciuridae
Genus:
Marmota
Subgenus:
Marmota (Petromarmota)
Species:
M. vancouverensis
Binomial name
Marmota vancouverensis
(Swarth, 1911)
Current distribution
Former distribution
The Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis) naturally occurs only in the high mountains of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia.[3][4] This particular marmot species is large compared to some other marmots, and most other rodents. Marmots are the largest members of the Sciuridae family, with weights of adults varying from 3 to 7 kg depending on age and time of year.[5]
Marmota vancouverensis is one of only five land mammals endemic to Canada.[6] Although endemic to Vancouver Island, Marmota vancouverensis now also resides successfully at several captive breeding centres across Canada as well as several sites on Vancouver Island at which local extinction was observed during the 1990s.[7][8][9] There was an 80% to 90% loss in population, starting around the 1980s and lasting until the early 2000s.[10] The population has since started to regain its ranks. This is the result of an ongoing recovery program designed to prevent extinction and restore self-sustaining wild populations of this unique Canadian species.[11][12] Due to the efforts of the recovery program, the marmot count in the wild increased from fewer than 30 wild marmots in 2003, to an estimated 250–300 in 2015.[13] As of the fall of 2021, there were approximately 25 colonies with marmots likely to emerge.[14] These are spread between 2 metapopulations (clusters of colonies that marmots could travel between), and one isolated colony at Steamboat Mountain.[4] There may be marmots in the Schoen Lake area, but there has not been a confirmed sighting in that area for over 5 years.[4]
^Roach, N. (2017). "Marmota vancouverensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T12828A22259184. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T12828A22259184.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^"NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
^Igawa, Momoko; Kato, Makoto (2017-09-20). "A new species of hermit crab, Diogenes heteropsammicola (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Diogenidae), replaces a mutualistic sipunculan in a walking coral symbiosis". PLOS ONE. 12 (9): e0184311. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1284311I. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184311. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5606932. PMID 28931020.
^ abcCanada, Environment and Climate Change (6 December 2019). "Vancouver Island Marmot (Marmota vancouverensis): COSEWIC assessment and status report 2019". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2022-09-22.
^Barash D.P. 1989. Marmots: social behavior and ecology. Stanford University Press, Stanford
^"Hide and seek: The race to save the Vancouver Island Marmot". canadiangeographic.ca. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
^Aaltonen, K; A.A. Bryant; J.A. Hostetler & M. K. Oli (2010). "Reintroducing endangered Vancouver Island marmots: Survival and cause-specific mortality rates of captive-born versus wild-born individuals" (PDF). Biological Conservation. 142 (10): 2181–2190. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.04.019. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
^Bryant, A.A. (2007). Soorae PS (ed.). "Recovery efforts for Vancouver Island marmots, Canada" (PDF). Re-introduction News. 26. IUCN: 30–32.
^"Conservation Status Report". a100.gov.bc.ca. Retrieved 2022-09-23.
^Brashares, Justin S.; Werner, Jeffery R.; Sinclair, A. R. E. (2010-06-09). "Social 'meltdown' in the demise of an island endemic: Allee effects and the Vancouver Island marmot: Allee effects and the decline of the V.I. marmot". Journal of Animal Ecology. 79 (5): 965–973. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01711.x. PMID 20546064.
^Vancouver Island Marmot Recovery Team (2008). "Recovery Strategy for the Vancouver Island Marmot (Marmota vancouverensis) in British Columbia" (PDF). Victoria, BC: B.C. Ministry of Environment. Retrieved 2009-07-13.
^Janz Vancouver Island Marmot Recovery Team (2004). "National Recovery Plan for the Vancouver Island Marmot (Marmota vancouverensis) in British Columbia" (PDF). Victoria, BC: B.C. Ministry of Environment. Retrieved 2009-07-13.
^Marmot Recovery Foundation (2015). "The Vancouver Island marmot (Marmota vancouverensis)". Nanaimo, BC. Retrieved 2016-01-16.
^"Current Status – The Vancouver Island Marmot Recovery Foundation". Retrieved 2023-09-22.
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