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Vampire squid information


Vampire squid
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Cephalopoda
Order: Vampyromorphida
Family: Vampyroteuthidae
Genus: Vampyroteuthis
Chun, 1903
Species:
V. infernalis
Binomial name
Vampyroteuthis infernalis
Chun, 1903
Synonyms[1]
  • Cirroteuthis macrope Berry, 1911
  • Danateuthis schmidti Joubin, 1929
  • Hansenoteuthis lucens Joubin, 1929
  • Melanoteuthis anderseni Joubin, 1931
  • Melanoteuthis beebei Robson, 1929
  • Melanoteuthis lucens Joubin, 1912
  • Melanoteuthis schmidti Joubin, 1929
  • Retroteuthis pacifica Joubin, 1929
  • Watasella nigra Sasaki, 1920

The vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis infernalis, lit. 'vampire squid from hell') is a small cephalopod found throughout temperate and tropical oceans in extreme deep sea conditions.[2] The vampire squid uses its bioluminescent organs and its unique oxygen metabolism to thrive in the parts of the ocean with the lowest concentrations of oxygen. It has two long retractile filaments, located between the first two pairs of arms on its dorsal side,[3] which distinguish it from both octopuses and squids, and places it in its own order, Vampyromorphida, although its closest relatives are octopods. As a phylogenetic relict, it is the only known surviving member of its order.[4]

The first specimens were collected on the Valdivia Expedition and were originally described as an octopus in 1903 by German teuthologist Carl Chun, but later assigned to a new order together with several extinct taxa.

  1. ^ Philippe Bouchet (2018). "Vampyroteuthis infernalis Chun, 1903". MolluscaBase. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  2. ^ "Vampire Squid, Vampyroteuthis infernalis". MarineBio.org.
  3. ^ Young, Richard E. (1967). "Homology of Retractile Filaments of Vampire Squid". Science. 156 (3782): 1633–1634. Bibcode:1967Sci...156.1633Y. doi:10.1126/science.156.3782.1633. ISSN 0036-8075. JSTOR 1721610. PMID 6025124. S2CID 24349161.
  4. ^ Yokobori, Shin-ichi; Lindsay, Dhugal J.; Yoshida, Mari; Tsuchiya, Kotaro; Yamagishi, Akihiko; Maruyama, Tadashi; Oshima, Tairo (August 2007). "Mitochondrial genome structure and evolution in the living fossil vampire squid, Vampyroteuthis infernalis, and extant cephalopods". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44 (2): 898–910. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.05.009. PMID 17596970.

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