Vacuum consolidation (or vacuum preloading) is a soft soil improvement method that has been successfully used by geotechnical engineers and specialists of ground improvement companies in countries such as Australia, China, Korea, Thailand and France for soil improvement or land reclamation.[1] It does not necessarily require surcharge fill and vacuum loads of 80kPa or greater can, typically, be maintained for as long as required.
However, if loads of 80kPa or greater are needed in order to achieve the target soil improvement, additional surcharge may be placed on top of the vacuum system. The vacuum preloading method is cheaper and faster than the fill surcharge method for an equivalent load in suitable areas. Where the underlying ground consists of permeable materials, such as sand or sandy clay, the cost of the technique will be significantly increased due to the requirement of cut-off walls into non-permeable layers to seal off the vacuum. It has been suggested by Carter et al. (2005)[2] that the settlement resulting from vacuum preloading is less than that from a surcharge load of the same magnitude as vacuum consolidation is influenced by drainage boundary conditions.
^Chu, J.; Yan, S. W. (2005). "Estimation of Degree of Consolidation for Vacuum Preloading Projects". International Journal of Geomechanics. 5 (2): 158–165. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2005)5:2(158).
^Chai, J. C.; Carter, J. P.; Hayashi, S. (2005). "Ground Deformation Induced by Vacuum Consolidation". Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 131 (12): 1552–1561. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:12(1552).
and 25 Related for: Vacuum consolidation information
as vacuumconsolidation is influenced by drainage boundary conditions. Chu, J.; Yan, S. W. (2005). "Estimation of Degree of Consolidation for Vacuum Preloading...
time-scale than consolidation due to the diffusion of water. To distinguish between the two mechanisms, "primary consolidation" refers to consolidation due to...
Socony merged with Vacuum Oil Company, from which the Mobil name first originated, in 1931 and subsequently renamed itself to Socony-Vacuum Oil Company. Over...
dominated the electric vacuum cleaner industry, to the point where the Hoover brand name became synonymous with vacuum cleaners and vacuuming in the United Kingdom...
United States. Its tank vacuum quickly became an industry standard, and was very popular for many decades. In 1968, Consolidated Foods Corporation (now...
the company traces its roots as far back as 1886 to the founding of the Vacuum Oil Company, which would become part of ExxonMobil through its own merger...
brand names (including its own), and are primarily major appliances and vacuum cleaners intended for home consumer use. Electrolux has a primary listing...
aircraft, missiles, and space vehicles, Convair developed the large Charactron vacuum tubes, a form of cathode-ray tube (CRT) computer display with a shaped mask...
26 Broadway, also known as the Standard Oil Building or Socony–Vacuum Building, is an office building adjacent to Bowling Green in the Financial District...
business of Eames Vacuum Brake Company. Eames Vacuum Brake Company had previously been in existence since 1876 manufacturing vacuum brakes. The new company...
with Vacuum Oil Company in 1931, becoming "Socony-Vacuum Oil Company". Magnolia Petroleum continued to operate as a subsidiary of Socony-Vacuum. In 1959...
viscosity modifiers to address aggregate segregation. Vacuum concrete, made by using steam to produce a vacuum inside a concrete mixing truck to release air bubbles...
elimination of voids by placing the layup within a closed mold and applying vacuum, pressure, and heat by means other than an autoclave. An RTM press is the...
more than "an inchoate title, an option, as against other states, to consolidate the first steps by proceeding to effective occupation within a reasonable...
name of vacuum cleaners made by Stein & Co GmbH, a company based in the German town of Velbert. They produce a range of upright and cylinder vacuum cleaners...
oxidiser, unlike most combustion engines, so rocket engines can be used in a vacuum to propel spacecraft and ballistic missiles. Compared to other types of...
with a vacuum atmosphere using a carbon filament. In 1840, British scientist Warren De la Rue enclosed a coiled platinum filament in a vacuum tube and...
used in its proposed merger with Tribune Media) and accelerating media consolidation in the broadcast television industry – lacked standing. The move also...
manufactures, markets and services a broad range of air and gas compression, vacuum and blower products, fluid transfer equipment, loading systems, power tools...
atmospheric pressure. Vacuum pumps: A vacuum pump sucks air or air/steam mixtures from the chamber. Superatmospheric cycles: Achieved with a vacuum pump. It starts...
sewerage Storm drain Sanitary sewers not relying solely on gravity include: Vacuum sewer Effluent sewer Where a sewerage system has not been installed, sewage...
alloy additions; cold compacted into a green compact at up to 415 MPa then vacuum sintered at 1260 °C to produce a 99.5% dense component. Hot isostatic pressing...
result of a process of sedentarization of the nomads who had filled the vacuum created by the departing Samaritans at the end of the Byzantine period [...
to produce vacuum tubes. As time passed, production and elemental techniques of the vacuum tube transformed into the manufacturing of vacuum fluorescent...