Expansion of auto-oriented, low-density development in suburbs
A typical suburban development in the United States, located in Chandler, ArizonaAn urban development in Palma, Mallorca
Urban sprawl (also known as suburban sprawl or urban encroachment[1]) is defined as "the spreading of urban developments (such as houses, dense multi family apartments, office buildings and shopping centers) on undeveloped land near a more or less densely populated city".[2][3][4][5] Urban sprawl has been described as the unrestricted growth in many urban areas of housing, commercial development, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for very dense urban planning. Sometimes the urban areas described as the most "sprawling" are the most densely populated.[6][7] In addition to describing a special form of urbanization, the term also relates to the social and environmental consequences associated with this development.[8] In modern times some suburban areas described as "sprawl" have less detached housing and higher density than the nearby core city.[9][10][11] Medieval suburbs suffered from the loss of protection of city walls, before the advent of industrial warfare. Modern disadvantages and costs include increased travel time, transport costs, pollution, and destruction of the countryside.[12] The revenue for building and maintaining urban infrastructure in these areas are gained mostly through property and sales taxes. Most jobs in the US are now located in suburbs generating much of the revenue, although a lack of growth will require higher tax rates.[13][14][15]
In Europe, the term peri-urbanisation is often used to denote similar dynamics and phenomena, but the term urban sprawl is currently being used by the European Environment Agency. There is widespread disagreement about what constitutes sprawl and how to quantify it. For example, some commentators measure sprawl by residential density, using the average number of residential units per acre in a given area. Others associate it with decentralization (spread of population without a well-defined centre), discontinuity (leapfrogging development, as defined below), segregation of uses, and so forth.
The term urban sprawl is highly politicized and almost always has negative connotations. It is criticized for causing environmental degradation, intensifying segregation, and undermining the vitality of existing urban areas, and is attacked on aesthetic grounds. The pejorative meaning of the term means that few openly support urban sprawl as such. The term has become a rallying cry for managing urban growth.[16]
^"What Is Urban Encroachment?". Sciencing. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
^"The suburbs have become multifamily's new land of opportunity". Real assets advisor. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
^"Phoenix area office market report" (PDF). Cushman and Wakefield. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
^"Population of the Phoenix Area, Arizona". statistical atlas. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
^"Definition of urban sprawl". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved January 25, 2022.
^"What Density Doesn't Tell Us About Sprawl". Access magazine. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
^Fouberg, Erin Hogan (2012). Human geography: people, place, and culture. Murphy, Alexander B.; De Blij, Harm J. (10th ed.). Hoboken: Wiley. p. 560. ISBN 978-1118018699. OCLC 752286985.
^Sarkodie, Samuel Asumadu; Owusu, Phebe Asantewaa; Leirvik, Thomas (March 5, 2020). "Global effect of urban sprawl, industrialization, trade and economic development on carbon dioxide emissions". Environmental Research Letters. 15 (3): 034049. Bibcode:2020ERL....15c4049S. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab7640. ISSN 1748-9326.
^"Population of the Kansas City area". Statistical atlas. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
^"American housing survey housing characteristics". US Census. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
^McCammon, Sarah (September 4, 2017). "As Kansas City Booms And Sprawls, Trying Not To Forget Those In Between". National Public Radio. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
^Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. pp. 626. ISBN 9780415252256.
^"The land use and transportation connection Plano Texas". City of Plano. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
^"Suburbs continue to dominate jobs and job growth". Bew Geography. Retrieved December 20, 2023.
^Charles L. Marohn Jr. (2019). Strong Towns: A Bottom-Up Revolution to Rebuild American Prosperity. Wiley. ISBN 978-1119564812 – via Google Books.
^James, Paul; Holden, Meg; Lewin, Mary; Neilson, Lyndsay; Oakley, Christine; Truter, Art; Wilmoth, David (2013). "Managing Metropolises by Negotiating Mega-Urban Growth". In Harald Mieg; Klaus Töpfer (eds.). Institutional and Social Innovation for Sustainable Urban Development. Routledge.
Urbansprawl (also known as suburban sprawl or urban encroachment) is defined as "the spreading of urban developments (such as houses, dense multi family...
increase density and reduce urbansprawl. While urbansprawl is an unrestricted way of expanding the limits of a city, urban renewal clears out undeveloped...
William Gibson's Sprawl trilogy, "the Sprawl" is a colloquial name for the "Boston-Atlanta Metropolitan Axis" (BAMA), an urbansprawl environment on a...
An urban growth boundary, or UGB, is a regional boundary, set in an attempt to control urbansprawl by, in its simplest form, mandating that the area inside...
Weighted urban proliferation (WUP) is a method used for measuring urbansprawl. This method, first introduced by Jaeger et al. (2010), calculates and...
"Urban Sprawl of Major Cities in the Baltic States", www.researchgate.net "The sprawl of Vilnius city – establishment and analysis of growing urban region"...
becoming more frequent in smaller cities and rural areas. Urbansprawl, also known as suburban sprawl, is a multifaceted concept, which includes the spreading...
they lobbied for a continuous belt (of up to two miles wide) to prevent urbansprawl, beyond which new development could occur. There are fourteen green belt...
prevent a takedown. Urbansprawl, also called suburban sprawl Server sprawl, when servers in a data center are underused Sprawl trilogy, a trilogy of...
people deemed as other. The demand for single-family housing has led to urbansprawl in many metropolitan areas across the United States, notably in the Los...
States, new suburbs are routinely annexed by adjacent cities due to urbansprawl. In others, such as Morocco, France, and much of the United States, many...
an alternative to recent patterns of urban development in many cities, especially decentralization and urbansprawl. They are generally purported to: Reduce...
for various purposes, including analyzing population density and urbansprawl. Urban areas are also mostly found in the United States, Canada, Brazil...
Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural planning in specific contexts, is a technical and political process...
is not actually the demographic centre of Melbourne at all, due to an urbansprawl to the southeast, the demographic centre being located at Glen Iris....
development, urban planning, and municipal land-use strategies. New Urbanism attempts to address the ills associated with urbansprawl and post-Second...
Smart growth is an urban planning and transportation theory that concentrates growth in compact walkable urban centers to avoid sprawl. It also advocates...
The White Tank Mountain Regional Park is a large regional park located in west-central Maricopa County, Arizona. Encompassing 29,271 acres (45.736 sq mi;...
their interactions with the environment, examples of which include urbansprawl and urban redevelopment. It analyzes spatial interdependencies between social...
existing infrastructure and a remedy for urbansprawl. Detractors view increased urban density as overloading urban services, including increased traffic...
solution to the urbansprawl, Frank Reale has submitted an interesting concept of Expanding Nodular Development (E.N.D.) that integrates many urban designs and...
on the street". It is also arguably a more sustainable urban settlement type than urbansprawl because it is less dependent on the car, requiring less...
of the novels' action takes place in The Sprawl, officially the "Boston-Atlanta Metropolitan Axis" - an urban environment extending along most of the East...
marginalization of people, inequities, overexploitation of resources, extreme urbansprawl and climate change. Defining disasters as solely natural events has serious...
Urban retrofitting is a combination of policies and phenomena done with the goal of undoing or remedying the effects of urbansprawl. The phenomena of...
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