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Roads of Cairo, Egypt.
Urban planning in Africa results from indigenous aesthetics and conceptions of form and function as well as the changes brought on by industrialization, modernization, and colonialism.[1] Before the Berlin Conference of 1884 – 1885, which formalized colonialism in many parts of Africa, indigenous African cities and villages had ordered structures that varied along ethnic and religious lines and according to geography. All land-uses necessary for functioning––markets, religious sites, farms, communal assembly spaces––existed in ordered, rational ways, as did land property practices and laws, many of which changed under colonial control.[2] Urbanity changed significantly from pre-colonial to colonial times, as slavery, Christianity, and a host of other forces caused a change in the population of indigenous urban dwellers.[3]
^Benevolo, Leonardo (1967). Origins of Modern Town Planning. Cambridge: MIT Press. pp. xvi. ISBN 9780262020626.
^Okpala, Ron (2009). "Regional Overview of the Status of Urban Planning and Planning Practice in Anglophone (Sub-Saharan) African Countries" (PDF). UN Habitats. United Nations. p. 10. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
^Sharpe, Melvin (1980). The Development of Urbanization in West Africa: A Look at Lagos, Nigeria (Masters Thesis). Ohio State University. pp. 5–8.
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