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The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet (UPA) or Finno-Ugric transcription system is a phonetic transcription or notational system used predominantly for the transcription and reconstruction of Uralic languages. It was first published in 1901 by Eemil Nestor Setälä, a Finnish linguist.
UPA differs from the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) notation in several ways.
The basic UPA characters are based on the Finnish alphabet where possible, with extensions taken from Cyrillic and Greek orthographies. Small-capital letters and some novel diacritics are also used.
Unlike the IPA, which is usually transcribed with upright characters, the UPA is usually transcribed with italic characters. Although many of its characters are also used in standard Latin, Greek, Cyrillic orthographies or the IPA, and are found in the corresponding Unicode blocks, many are not. These have been encoded in the Phonetic Extensions and Phonetic Extensions Supplement blocks. Font support for these extended characters is very rare; Code2000 and Fixedsys Excelsior are two fonts that do support them. A professional font containing them is Andron Mega; it supports UPA characters in Regular and Italics.
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The UralicPhoneticAlphabet (UPA) or Finno-Ugric transcription system is a phonetic transcription or notational system used predominantly for the transcription...
Americanist phonetic notation, also known as the North American PhoneticAlphabet (NAPA), the Americanist PhoneticAlphabet or the American PhoneticAlphabet (APA)...
Subscript small n was used in the UralicPhoneticAlphabet prior to its formal standardization in 1902 Teuthonista phonetic transcription system uses U+AB3B...
Modifier letter H is used in the UralicPhoneticAlphabet ₕ : Subscript small h was used in the UralicPhoneticAlphabet prior to its formal standardization...
IPA-specific symbols related to M: ɱ ɰ Ɱ : Capital M with hook UralicPhoneticAlphabet-specific symbols related to M: U+1D0D ᴍ LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL...
a now-uncommon variant jy /ˈdʒaɪ/. When used in the International PhoneticAlphabet for the voiced palatal approximant (the sound of "y" in "yes") it...
implosive 𝼍 : Latin small turned t with curl is a click letter UralicPhoneticAlphabet-specific symbols related to T: U+1D1B ᴛ LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL...
Armenian letter Pe P with diacritics: Ṕ ṕ Ṗ ṗ Ᵽ ᵽ Ƥ ƥ ᵱ ᶈ Turned P UralicPhoneticAlphabet-specific symbols related to P: U+1D18 ᴘ LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL...
letter small reversed e, which is a superscript IPA letter The UralicPhoneticAlphabet uses various forms of e and epsilon / open e: U+1D07 ᴇ LATIN LETTER...
International PhoneticAlphabet (IPA), extensions to the IPA and obsolete and nonstandard IPA symbols, these blocks also contain characters from the Uralic Phonetic...
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International PhoneticAlphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For...
ox's head. U+1D44 ᵄ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED A is used in the UralicPhoneticAlphabet. List of logic symbols List of mathematical symbols Transformation...
was used in the UralicPhoneticAlphabet prior to its formal standardization in 1902 ˢ : Modifier letter small s is used for phonetic transcription ꜱ :...
dotted and dotless I IPA-specific symbols related to I: ɪ ɨ The UralicPhoneticAlphabet uses various forms of the letter I: U+1D35 ᴵ MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL...
2022-10-13. Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-20). "L2/02-141: UralicPhoneticAlphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original...
International PhoneticAlphabet used to represent various sounds (mainly open vowels) ⟨A a ᵄ⟩: Modifier letters are used in the UralicPhoneticAlphabet (UPA)...
letter ᴳ ᵍ : Modifier letters are used in the UralicPhoneticAlphabet ꬶ : Used for the Teuthonista phonetic transcription system G with diacritics: Ǵ ǵ...
ḓ Ď ď Ḏ ḏ Phonetic symbols related to D: Symbols related to D used in the IPA: ɖ ɗ Symbols related to D used in the UralicPhoneticAlphabet: ᴅ ᴰ ᵈ Superscript...
Digamma IPA-specific symbols related to U: ⟨ʊ⟩[citation needed] ⟨ɥ⟩ UralicPhoneticAlphabet-specific symbols related to U: U+1D1C ᴜ LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL...
the International PhoneticAlphabet. /ᶞ/ (U+1D9E) is used in phonetic transcription. ᴆ (U+1D06) is used in the UralicPhoneticAlphabet. Upper and lower...
ʚ LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OPEN E on the 1993 IPA chart) The UralicPhoneticAlphabet uses various forms of the Latin epsilon: U+1D08 ᴈ LATIN SMALL LETTER...
English and Cornish IPA-specific symbols related to W: ʍ ɯ ɰ ʷ UralicPhoneticAlphabet-specific symbols related to W: U+1D21 ᴡ LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL...
ᴯ B b : Barred B and various modifier letters are used in the UralicPhoneticAlphabet. Ƃ ƃ : B with topbar ␢ : U+2422 ␢ BLANK SYMBOL ฿ : Thai baht ₿ :...